YIELD    謙讓讓

Be POLITE, USING RITUAL MODERATION AND PERMIT OTHERS to ACT as they DESIRE.
GIVE IN TOGIVE WAY TOSUBMIT TOBOW DOWN TOCOMPLY WITHAGREE TOCONSENT TOGO ALONG WITHGRANTPERMITALLOWINFORMAL CAVE IN TOFORMAL ACCEDE TO
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The dominant general word referring to yielding politely to others or giving precedence to them is ràng 讓 (ant. líng 陵 "treat without proper respect"). 2. Qiān 謙 (ant. jiāo 驕 "arrogant in attitude" and ào 傲 "impolite and arrogant in action") refers to the general attitude or disposition towards giving precedence to others. 3. Cí 辭 (ant. shòu 受 "accept") refers to declining politely an offer that has been made to one. 4. Xiè 謝 (ant. shòu 受 "accept") refers to informally but politely declining something offered to one in private context. 5. Shàn 禪 refers specifically to declining the high office of an emperor. NB: Lǐ 禮 "treat with proper yielding politeness" is marginal in this group.
Modern Chinese Criteria
謙讓 禮讓 寬讓 忍讓 推讓 辭讓 讓 盡讓 讓座 讓位 讓路 讓道兒 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • ABDICATE　YIELD one's HIGH OFFICE as RULER to ANOTHER, CONFORMING to one's OWN DECISION.X (anc: 12/0, child: 0)
Antonym
  • ARROGANTPROUD AND TENDING to SHOW DESPISE:contempt IN-RELATION-TO OTHERS. 
  • BOASTEXAGGERATE, OR SPEAK of, one's SELF:own GOOD FEATURES OR ACHIEVEMENTS.
See also
  • RESPECTADMIRE as NOBLE AND SERVE POLITELY.
Hypernym
  • POLITE　Be APPROPRIATELY RESPECTFUL IN ACTING TOWARDS OTHERS. (anc: 10/0, child: 2)
  • RESPECT　ADMIRE as NOBLE AND SERVE POLITELY. (anc: 9/0, child: 3)
  • ADMIRE　APPRECIATE AND DELIGHT in what one BELIEVES is MORE GOOD IN-RELATION-TO either ONESELF OR IN-RELATION-TO what is COMMON. (anc: 8/0, child: 1)
Other Hypernyms
  • POLITEnew-79fdb513-c9fe-465c-bdb5-13c9fe765c68　Be APPROPRIATELY RESPECTFUL IN ACTING TOWARDS OTHERS. (anc: 15/2, child: 2)
  • RESPECTnew-e376eea2-c2b2-4225-b6ee-a2c2b222257c　ADMIRE as NOBLE AND SERVE POLITELY. (anc: 14/1, child: 3)
  • ADMIREnew-0fef1e8e-f1b4-4088-af1e-8ef1b4d0882f　APPRECIATE AND DELIGHT in what one BELIEVES is MORE GOOD IN-RELATION-TO either ONESELF OR IN-RELATION-TO what is COMMON. (anc: 13/0, child: 1)
  • POLITEnew-cbfafaed-be5e-4b0a-bafa-edbe5efb0a78　Be APPROPRIATELY RESPECTFUL IN ACTING TOWARDS OTHERS. (anc: 15/2, child: 2)
  • RESPECTnew-ae28bcf5-bcea-477b-a8bc-f5bcea977bd0　ADMIRE as NOBLE AND SERVE POLITELY. (anc: 14/1, child: 3)
  • ADMIREnew-0259c801-ad59-4e76-99c8-01ad594e76a3　APPRECIATE AND DELIGHT in what one BELIEVES is MORE GOOD IN-RELATION-TO either ONESELF OR IN-RELATION-TO what is COMMON. (anc: 13/0, child: 1)
  • 中國文化背景八千詞 Zhongguo wenhua beijing ba qian ci ( WU SANXING 2008) p. 219

    • Words (10 items)

    讓  ràng OC: njaŋs MC: ȵi̯ɐŋ 65 Attributions

    The dominant general word referring to yielding politely to others or giving precedence to them is ràng 讓 (ant. líng 陵 "treat without proper respect").

      Word relations
    • Ant: 奪/TAKE Duó 奪 is to take by force or threat of force.
    • Assoc: 揖/BOW DOWN Yī 揖 is a polite bow with one's hands held against one's chest.
    • Assoc: 禮/POLITE Lǐ 禮 "treat with proper yielding politeness" is marginal in this group.
    • Assoc: 辭/YIELD Cí 辭 (ant. shòu 受 "accept") refers to declining politely an offer that has been made to one.
    • Assoc: 辭/YIELD Cí 辭 (ant. shòu 受 "accept") refers to declining politely an offer that has been made to one.

      Syntactic words
    • nabactpolite deference, polite yielding behaviour
    • nabconceptpolite deferenceLZ
    • viactbe respectful and yielding in action; be deferential; be full of polite respect; yield to others
    • viderivedpoetic: make (aesthetic/literary) concessionsCH
    • vipsychbe polite and yielding by nature
    • vt V(0)yield the V-ing to someoneCH
    • vt+prep+Nyield to, pass on the privilege to; yield precedence to
    • vtoNyield politely to, make room for; give precedence to; resign in favour of [REMOVE THE CASES OF 讓於 IN THIS GROUP OF EXAMPLES TO VTPREP]
    • vtoNpassivebe yielded up (as of profits etc)
    • vtt(oN1.)+N2yield the contextually determinate desirable object N1 to N2
    • vtt(oN1.)+prep+N2omyield the contextually determinate N1 to (a person N2)
    • vtt(oN1.)-vtoN2yield N2 to the contextually determinate N1 讓以天下
    • vtt+prep+N1:post.vtoN2yield N2 to N1
    • vttoN1(.+N2)omyield (something N1) to someone else N2 who is contextually determinate
    • vttoN1.+N2讓位季札 yield (something N1) to (someone else N2), pass on rulership over (something N1 e.g. a state) to (a person N2), abdicate (something N1) in favour of (someone N2)TW
    • vttoN1.+prep+N2讓天下於許由yield (something N1) to (someone else N2), pass on rulership over (something N1 e.g. a state) to (a person N2), abdicate (something N1) in favour of (someone N2)　故讓天下於子
    • vttoN1:postvtoN2yield N2 to N1 以天下讓許由
    揖讓  yī ràng OC: qib njaŋs MC: ʔip ȵi̯ɐŋ 5 Attributions

    bow and yield politely

      Syntactic words
    • NPab{N1=N2}actpolitely deferential yielding as a political act; polite yielding in social contexts
    • VPiactyield politely
    與  yǔ OC: k-laʔ MC: ji̯ɤ
    予  yǔ OC: laʔ MC: ji̯ɤ 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNhand over to, i.e. hand over power to (someone)
    • vtt(oN1.)+N2GIVE THE REINS OF GOVERNMENT TO> give precedence to???
    讓為  ràng wéi MC: -- hjweH OC: njaŋs ɢʷal 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNread ràng wèi: yield politely to; show polite deference toCH
    辭  cí OC: zɯ MC: zɨ 3 Attributions

    Cí 辭 (ant. shòu 受 "accept") refers to declining politely an offer that has been made to one.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 讓/YIELD The dominant general word referring to yielding politely to others or giving precedence to them is ràng 讓 (ant. líng 陵 "treat without proper respect").
    • Assoc: 讓/YIELD The dominant general word referring to yielding politely to others or giving precedence to them is ràng 讓 (ant. líng 陵 "treat without proper respect").

      Syntactic words
    • nabactyielding to others in a polite way
    • vtoNresign (a state, or one's position of Son of Heaven etc)
    謙  qiān OC: khleem MC: khem 1 Attribution

    Qiān 謙(ant. jiāo 驕 "arrogant in attitude" and ào 傲 "impolite and arrogant in action") refers to the general attitude or disposition towards giving precedence to others.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 驕/ARROGANT The most current general word for arrogance of attitude and in behaviour is probably jiāo 驕 (ant.* bēi 卑 "humble in attitude") which refers to an overbearing exaggerated self-confidence and does not essentially involve a negative attitude towards others. [DISPOSITION], [GENERAL], [IMPERSONAL]
    • Synon: 卑/HUMBLE The current general word for objective low social status without any connotation concerning moral worth is bēi 卑 (ant. zūn 尊 "objectively venerable by social standards").

      Syntactic words
    • vadNhumble
    • vi.redbe politely yielding
    • viactbe humble and yielding in one's demeanour, behave with polite humility
    讓以  ràng yǐ MC: -- yiX OC: njaŋs k-lɯʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNbe politely yielding with respect to what one hasCH
    謝  xiè OC:  MC: zɣɛ 0 Attributions

    Xiè 謝 (ant. shòu 受 "accept") refers to informally but politely declining something offered to one in private context.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNdecline, excuse oneself
    遜  xùn OC: squuns MC: suo̝n
    孫  sūn OC: sluun MC: suo̝n 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNSHU: decline ~(遜于位)
    絕  jué OC: dzod MC: dziɛt 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt+prep+Nsubmit to, bow to, yield to