PRAY    祈禱禱

ADDRESS DEITIES OFTEN:typically with RITUAL REQUESTS.
PRAYERINVOCATIONINTERCESSIONDEVOTIONARCHAIC ORISON
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general word for prayers of all kinds is dǎo 禱, but the word primarily refers to requests made to the spirits. 2. Zhù 祝 refers specifically to shamanistic incantations by a professional, and these incantations do not so directly involve requests. 3. Fú 祓 refers specifically to exorcism. 4. Zǔ 詛 (ant. qí 祈 "pray for blessings") refers to the calling down of the wrath of the gods and spirits on someone or something. 5. Qí 祈 (ant. zǔ 詛 "call down the wrath of the spirits") refers to seeking supernatural aid or blessings from the gods and spirits.
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006 SACRIFICE 8. 祝，用言語向鬼神求福，著重於向鬼神反映實情，頌揚其功德，從而取得鬼神的佑護。 祈，本義為戰時禱於軍旗之下，引申為求福祭，并可泛祈禱；祈的方式也是以言語，字或作求、介、 ?? ?? 、乞）。 禱，本為向神祝告求壽，後泛指求福、祈禱。
Modern Chinese Criteria
祈禱 is the current modern word for prayer. 禱告 focusses on the announcement made to the gods. 禱祝 focusses on the request submitted. 祝禱 focusses on the request submitted. 禱 (cl) 馨香禱祝 (prov) refers to all manner of prayers accompanied by the burning of incense. rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • EXORCISE　PRAY so as to TRY to REMOVE WICKED SUPERNATURAL FORCES. (anc: 16/0, child: 0)
Hypernym
  • ADDRESS　SPEAK OR WRITE INTENDING ANOTHER TO HEAR OR READ AND TO REACT to IT.  (anc: 14/0, child: 23)
  • WRITE　PRODUCE a DOCUMENT. (anc: 13/0, child: 4)
  • PRODUCE　ACT so as to DELIBERATELY CAUSE something to BEGIN to EXIST. (anc: 12/0, child: 17)
Other Hypernyms
  • ADDRESSnew-b2b104ff-6112-4947-b104-ff611229470d　SPEAK OR WRITE INTENDING ANOTHER TO HEAR OR READ AND TO REACT to IT.  (anc: 13/0, child: 23)
  • SPEAK　ACT so as to USE WORDS FOR SHOWING MEANING.*Speech by speaker X, directed towards audience Y, in order to communicate message Z. (anc: 12/0, child: 32)
  • ACT　MOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision. (anc: 11/0, child: 24)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 22.17

  • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 149

  • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 282

  • Semantica del Griego Antiguo ( HERNANDEZ 2000) p. 45n189

    Muelner, euchomai

  • Woerterbuch der Philosophie. Neue Beitraege zu einer Kritik der Sprache ( MAUTHNER WP 1924) p. I.537

  • Encyclopedia of Religion ( JONES 2005) p.

  • Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ( PILLON 1850) p. no.237

    • Words (15 items)

    禱  dǎo OC: tuuʔ MC: tɑu 17 Attributions

    The current general word for prayers of all kinds is dǎo 禱, but the word primarily refers to requests made to the spirits.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 祈/PRAY Qí 祈 (ant. zǔ 詛 "call down the wrath of the spirits") refers to seeking supernatural aid or blessings from the gods and spirits.

      Syntactic words
    • nabactprayer (of battle etc)
    • viactpray
    • vt+prep+Npray to
    • vt[oN]pray for blessing and good fortune on anyone's behalf; offer prayers; offer thanksgiving
    • vtoNpray to, offer prayers to; turn to in one's prayers
    • vttoN1.+prep+N2OBI: pray for (something N1) (to a deity N2)禱;年于夔
    • vttoN1.post:prep+N2pray
    祈  qí OC: ɡɯl MC: gɨi 8 Attributions

    Qí 祈 (ant. zǔ 詛 "call down the wrath of the spirits") refers to seeking supernatural aid or blessings from the gods and spirits.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 禱/PRAY The current general word for prayers of all kinds is dǎo 禱, but the word primarily refers to requests made to the spirits.

      Syntactic words
    • viactprayCH
    • vt(oN)pray to the contextually determinate N
    • vt[oN]pray for something
    • vtoNpray for
    • vttoN1.+prep+N2pray for (something N1) to (something or someone N2) 祈穀於上帝
    祝  zhù OC: tjuɡ MC: tɕuk 8 Attributions

    Zhù 祝 refers specifically to shamanistic incantations by a professional, and these incantations do not so directly involve requests.

      Syntactic words
    • viactconduct shamanistic incantations to win favours from the gods and spirits, invoke the spirits; impersonate the dead (on sacrificial or ritual occasions)
    • vt+Vt.oSspeak out a prayer, saying S:DS
    • vtoNsay in prayer; pray for
    • vtoNpray to (rivers, mountains etc)CH
    塞禱  sài dǎo OC: sɯɯɡs tuuʔ MC: səi tɑu 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactthanksgiving
    • VPiactcelebrate a thanksgiving ceremony
    誄  lěi OC: rulʔ MC: li 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • ndirge, eulogy for the dead, lěi 讄 is apparently the same word
    祝曰  zhù yuē MC: tsyuwk hjwot  OC: tjuɡ ɢʷad 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPt(oN.) Spray saying:CH
    禱祝  dǎo zhù OC: tuuʔ tjuɡ MC: tɑu tɕuk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactpraying to the spirits
    禱請  dǎo qǐng OC: tuuʔ tsheŋʔ MC: tɑu tshiɛŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNask/pray for
    咒願  zhòu yuàn OC: tjus ŋɡons MC: tɕɨu ŋi̯ɐn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactsay a prayer asking for the fulfilment of wishes
    詛  zǔ OC: skras MC: ʈʂi̯ɤ 0 Attributions

    Zǔ 詛 (ant. qí 祈 "pray for blessings") refers to the calling down of the wrath of the gods and spirits on someone or something.

      Syntactic words
    • viactconduct shamanistic incantations to call forth the wrath of the gods and spirits
    讄  lěi OC: rulʔ MC: li 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viactpray for good fortune (apparently same word as 誄)
    𠦪  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt(oN.) Spray saying:CH
    祓  fú OC: phɯd MC: phi̯ut 0 Attributions

    Fú 祓 refers specifically to exorcism.

      Syntactic words
    • nabactexorcism
    禂  dǎo OC: taawʔ MC: tɑu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabactprayers read over sacrificial animals (ZHOULI)