STUBBORN    固執

EXCESSIVELY STRONG of MIND, TEND to REFUSE to CHANGE one's ATTITUDE.
OBSTINATEHEADSTRONGWILLFULSTRONG-WILLEDPIGHEADEDOBDURATEDIFFICULTCONTRARYPERVERSERECALCITRANTINFLEXIBLEIRON-WILLEDUNCOMPROMISINGUNBENDINGINFORMAL STIFF-NECKEDBLOODY-MINDEDBALKYFORMAL PERTINACIOUSREFRACTORYCONTUMACIOUS
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general word referring to stubbornness in a positive or in the positive sense of unswerving determination is gù 固. 2. Bì 愎 refers to stubbornness as a deplorable feature involving lack of flexibility and obstinacy. 3. Yì 意 refers to purely psychological or opinionated intellectual stubbornness.
Modern Chinese Criteria
固執 執拗 拘泥 拘執 愚頑 頑固 死硬 僵硬 頑梗 執著 剛愎 剛愎自用 一把死拿 死心眼 一個心眼兒 頑固不化 泥古不化 師心自用 愚而自用 自以為是 一意孤行 如風過耳 死心塌地 執迷不悟 至死不悟 不識時務 諱疾忌醫 屢教不改 不見棺材不流淚 不到船翻不跳河 不到黃河心不死 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hypernym
  • STRONG　ABLE to ACHIEVE DIFFICULT TASKS of the BODY OR to the MIND. (anc: 7/0, child: 7)
  • ABLE　HAVE FEATURES one NEEDS in SELF:oneself FOR ACHIEVING something. (anc: 6/0, child: 16)
  • HAVE　RELATION to something such that it BE-IN:is in one OR is CONTROLLED by one. (anc: 5/0, child: 5)
  • Novyj objasnitel'nyj Slovar' Sinonimov Russkogo Jazyka ( APRESJAN 2004) p. 1219

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.91.67

    ENTETE.OPINIATRE.TETU.OBSTINE

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 64B

    • Words (18 items)

    固  gù OC: kaas MC: kuo̝
    故  gù OC: kaas MC: kuo̝ 14 Attributions

    The current general word referring to stubbornness in a positive or in the positive sense of unswerving determination is gù 固.

      Word relations
    • Inconsist: 學/STUDY The dominant word is xué 學 (ant. jiào 教 "train teach")which refers primarily to studying or training under another person, and secondarily to the learning by heart texts. Very often, the word retains a tinge of immitation.

      Syntactic words
    • nabpsychboorish inflexibility
    • vadVinsistently V; firmly
    • vibe stubborn, fixed in one's ways, inflexible, boorish
    愎  bì OC: brɯɡ MC: bɨk 7 Attributions

    Bì 愎 refers to stubbornness as a deplorable feature involving lack of flexibility and obstinacy.

      Word relations
    • Epithet: 諫/REMONSTRATE The current general word for making representations to higher authorities is jiàn 諫.
    • Assoc: 剛/HARD Gāng 剛 (ant. róu 柔 "pliable") focusses on physical hardness as the core of inflexibility and firmness. [has also fig. meanings with positive and negative connotations][CA]
    • Assoc: 貪/GREEDY The current abstract term for an exaggerated desire for the possession of things of all kinds is tān 貪 (ant. lián 廉 "morally pure and ungreedy").
    • Assoc: 驁/ARROGANT

      Syntactic words
    • nabactstubborn behavior
    • vadVstubbornly
    • viself-willed; willful, obstinate, stubborn; heartless;
    • vtoNbe stubborn vis-a-vis, stubbornly reject
    堅  jiān MC: ken OC: kiin 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabpsychologicalstubbornnessCH
    • vibe stubbornDS
    剛愎  gāng bì OC: kaaŋ brɯɡ MC: kɑŋ bɨk 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiintensitivebe very stuborn
    狠  yán MC: ngean OC: -- 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vibe pig-headed and insensitiveCH
    硜  kēng OC: khreeŋ MC: khɣɛŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vi.redbe block-headed; stubborn
    • vi.red:-V{SUF}be stubbornly stupid
    諒  liàng OC: ɡ-raŋs MC: li̯ɐŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vistubborn
    頑  wán OC: ŋɡroon MC: ŋɣan 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vibe stubborn; be strong-headed
    乙  yǐ MC: 'it OC: qriɡ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vi.redfigurativebe stubbornly fixed and difficult to draw outCH
    亮  liàng MC: ljangH OC: ɡ-raŋs 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vi=諒　be morally pertinacious; be morally uncompromising; be basically morally determined; be (morally) stubbornly earnestCH
    婞  xìng MC: hengX OC: ɢeeŋʔ 1 Attribution

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 直/STRAIGHT The current general word for something concrete or abstract being straight in any abstract or concrete way is zhí 直 (ant. wān 彎 "bent")

      Syntactic words
    • vibe headstrong; be stubbornCH
    必  bì OC: piɡ MC: pit 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vibe inflexible; be entirely predictable
    意  yì OC: qɯɡs MC: ʔɨ 1 Attribution

    Yì 意 refers to purely psychological or opinionated intellectual stubbornness.

      Syntactic words
    • vibe opinionated
    慹  jí OC: sdib MC: dzip 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabpsychstubbornness
    留  liú OC: b-ru MC: lɨu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • viactbehave in a stubborn way
    堅固  jiān gù OC: kiin kaas MC: ken kuo̝ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe psychologically inflexible
    強  qiáng OC: ɡaŋ MC: gi̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadNheadstrong; stubborn
    • vibe headstrong; be stubborn
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vi.redfigurativebe stubbornly fixed and difficult to draw outCH