TOMB    墳墓墓

PLACE OR BUILDING which SHOWS where one has BURIED a HUMAN.
GRAVEBURIAL CHAMBERSEPULCHERMAUSOLEUMVAULTCRYPTCATACOMBLAST/FINAL RESTING PLACEGRAVEBARROWBURIAL MOUNDHISTORICAL CHARNEL HOUSE
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general old word for a tomb of any kind with or without planted trees or a mound is mù 墓, and the term comes to refer specifically to the subterranean part of the tomb. 2. Fén 墳 refers to the visible part of the tomb in the shape of a sizeable tumulus typically planted with trees. 3. Qiū 丘 "tumulus" is an old way of referring to a tomb with special reference to its appearance above ground, and the suggestion is that it is of considerable size suitable for leading personalities. 4. Lǒng 壟 refers to a tomb with special reference to its appearance above ground as an imposing tumulus, but the reference is not normally to a ruler's tomb. 5. Zhǒng 冢 was occasionally used in Warring States times but became more current in Han times, and the word refers to an impressive tomb as a whole, including its subterraneous and its visible parts. 6. Yíng 塋 refers generally to the piece of land with the tomb on it. 7. Líng 陵 refers specifically to an imperial tomb compound with high tombs, surrounding parks, and surrounding tombs for close relatives, queen, brothers, and sisters. 8. Shān 山 can come to refer to an imperial tomb. 9. Xuè 穴 "cave" is occasionally used to refer to the underground part of a tomb.
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006 GEOGRAPHY 58. TOMB TUMULUS 丘，喻指春秋戰國時函谷關以東的諸侯國君之墓。 山，喻指秦始皇、漢高祖之墓。 陵，喻指戰國時期諸侯王之墓，漢代以後成為帝王之墓的通稱。 ARCHITECTURE 26. 舊石器時代有了墓，春秋戰國時期流行墳。 墓，指地下的葬室，墳墓總稱。 墳，墓上的封土。 壟，墳出現後對封土和墓室的最早合稱。 丘，山丘狀墳墓；常與他詞同義連用，作墳墓泛稱。 冢， “ 壟 ” 之後對墳墓的通稱。 漢代盛行 “ 上冢 ” 墓祭之禮，故西漢中期在墳墓前出現祠堂建築。 塋，指墓地，即墳墓所在的地域。
Modern Chinese Criteria
墳墓 墳塋 丘墳 丘墓 墟墓 丘壟 丘冢 墓葬 墳丘 陵墓 陵 丘 冢 墳 墓 陵寢 山陵 寢 墳頭 墳山 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Part of
See also
  • CORPSEBODY of a HUMAN OR ANIMAL who has DIED.
  • COFFINTIMBER BOX USED FOR BURYING.
Hypernym
  • BUILDING　BIG ARTEFACT PRODUCED FOR HUMANS OR ANIMALS to DWELL in OR BE-IN, or MOVE ON. (anc: 5/0, child: 23)
  • ARTEFACT　THING PRODUCED by MAN. (anc: 4/0, child: 26)
  • THING　CONCRETE OBJECT. (anc: 3/0, child: 10)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 4.79

  • Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Darstellungen ( FINSTERBUSCH 1966) p. 215

    Grabhuegel:

  • Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Darstellungen ( FINSTERBUSCH 2000) p. 753

    Grab:

  • 古代文化詞異集類辨考 Gudai wenhua ci yi ji lei bian kao ( HUANG JINGUI 1995) p. 1139

  • 古代文化詞異集類辨考 Gudai wenhua ci yi ji lei bian kao ( HUANG JINGUI 1995) p. 1147

  • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

    SEPULTURA

  • 論衡同義詞研究 ( LUNHENG TONGYI 2004) p. 72

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 4.1429

  • "Sachwoerterbuch zum Alten China" ( UNGER SACH) p.

    NEKROPOLEN

  • 古辭辨 Gu ci bian ( WANG FENGYANG 1993) p. 142

  • Encyclopedia of Religion ( JONES 2005) p.

  • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 114

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 73A

    • Words (18 items)

    墓  mù OC: maaɡs MC: muo̝ 15 Attributions

    The current general old word for a tomb of any kind with or without planted trees or a mound is mù 墓, and the term comes to refer specifically to the subterranean part of the tomb.

      Syntactic words
    • ngrave; specifically: subterranean part of the tomb (on top of which trees may grow)
    • n(post-N)tomb of a contextually determinate NDS
    • viactmake tombs
    墳墓  fén mù OC: bɯn maaɡs MC: bi̯un muo̝ 8 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPnonreferentialtombs
    • NPreferentialtombs
    冢  zhǒng OC: toŋʔ MC: ʈi̯oŋ
    塚  Click here to add pinyin OC: toŋʔ MC: ʈi̯oŋ 6 Attributions

    Zhǒng 冢 was occasionally used in Warring States times but became more current in Han times, and the word refers to an impressive tomb as a whole, including its subterraneous and its visible parts.

      Syntactic words
    • ntomb with a mound with trees planted on it; tomb mound
    • n(post-N)tomb of the contextually determinate NDS
    • npost-NN's tombDS
    丘冢  qiū zhǒng MC: khjuw trjowngX OC: khɯ toŋʔ 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPpluraltomb moundsCH
    墳  fén OC: bɯn MC: bi̯un 3 Attributions

    Fén 墳 refers to the visible part of the tomb in the shape of a sizeable tumulus typically planted with trees.

      Syntactic words
    • ntumulus tomb, typically planted with trees
    • viactto raise a tomb; to raise a mound
    壟  lǒng OC: b-roŋʔ MC: li̯oŋ 3 Attributions

    Lǒng 壟 refers to a tomb with special reference to its appearance above ground as an imposing tumulus, but the reference is not normally to a ruler's tomb.

      Syntactic words
    • ndialect: mound with trees planted on it
    丘  qiū OC: khɯ MC: khɨu
    邱  qiū OC: khɯ MC: khɨu
    丘邱坵  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 2 Attributions

    Qiū 丘 "tumulus" is an old way of referring to a tomb with special reference to its appearance above ground, and the suggestion is that it is of considerable size suitable for leading personalities.

      Syntactic words
    • ndialect: burial mound, often that of an emperor
    陵  líng OC: b-rɯŋ MC: lɨŋ 1 Attribution

    Líng 陵 refers specifically to an imperial tomb compound with high tombs, surrounding parks, and surrounding tombs for close relatives, queen, brothers, and sisters.

      Syntactic words
    • nIn Han times the líng qǐn 陵寢 system developed: 1. High tombs were built. 2. Tomb parks were built. 3. Subterranean palace. 4. Group of other tombs.
    丘墓  qiū mù OC: khɯ maaɡs MC: khɨu muo̝ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPpluraltombs
    兆  zhào OC: ɡrlewʔ MC: ɖiɛu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • ntomb site; tomb
    壙  kuàng OC: khʷaaŋs MC: khɑŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nthe cavity dug to receive the dead body
    穴  xué OC: ɢʷliiɡ MC: ɦet 1 Attribution

    Xuè 穴 "cave" is occasionally used to refer to the underground part of a tomb.

      Syntactic words
    • ngrave
    墳塋  fén yíng OC: bɯn ɢʷleŋ MC: bi̯un jiɛŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPtomb
    壟墓  lǒng mù OC: b-roŋʔ maaɡs MC: li̯oŋ muo̝ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPnonreferentialtombs
    垗  zhào OC: ɡrlewʔ MC: ɖiɛu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nSHI, ZUO: tomb area where sacrifices to the deceased were conducted
    塋  yíng OC: ɢʷleŋ MC: jiɛŋ 0 Attributions

    Yíng 塋 refers generally to the piece of land with the tomb on it.

      Syntactic words
    • nLIJI, LSCQ: tomb area
    塿  lǒu OC: ɡ-rooʔ MC: lu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • ndialect word: small tomb tumulus
    山  shān OC: sreen MC: ʂɣɛn 0 Attributions

    Shān 山 can come to refer to an imperial tomb.

      Syntactic words
    • noccasionally, like qiū 丘, used for the tumulus of an imperial tomb, as in 陵山. In 水經注 the word has come to refer specifically to a Han tomb.