GENTLEMAN    君子士

ADULT who is EDUCATED AND ABLE to BECOME an OFFICIAL.
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general term for a person of a certain social standing is shì 士 and this word often connotes specifically a certain level of education, particularly literacy. See INTELLECTUAL. <div>2. Jūn zǐ 君子 can focus either on nobility of birth and social status. See also　under GOOD the meaning "man of excellent character".　</div><div>This is one of those terms have neutral descriptive uses versus abstract idealised uses. The list of such concepts is long: 王"king/true king =王者", 君子"gentleman/true gentleman"，道"behaviour/ideal behaviour"，禮 "custom/ideal ritual"，德“feature/ideal feature,virtue" </div>3. Rú 儒 (opp. 墨 "Mohist"), literally "weakling", typically referred Late Warring States times to classicists, often from broadly Confucian circles. 4. Xián 賢 (ant. 不肖 "person of inferior worth and talent") adds to the notion of an intellectual of some education that of special talent, and sometimes also of moral worth. See TALENT. 5. Zhé 哲 emphasises advanced intellectual talents. 6. Jiā 家 focusses on basic professionalism or expertise, but the term is rare in pre-Han times. 7. Shēng 生 simply refers to literates.
Modern Chinese Criteria
君子 高人 介士 吉士 仁人君子 正人君子 仁人志士 志士仁人 謙謙君子 耿介之士 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • RECLUSE　GENTLEMAN REFUSING to WORK as an OFFICIAL. (anc: 9/0, child: 0)
  • SCHOLAR　GENTLEMAN whose WORK IS STUDY. (anc: 9/0, child: 3)
Antonym
  • ORDINARYCOMMON AND INFERIOR to what is EXCELLENT.
  • HUMBLEINFERIOR OR MORE HUMBLE IN-RELATION-TO OTHERS.
See also
  • GOODEXCELLENT in VIRTUE OR in IMPORTANT SKILL.
Hypernym
  • ADULT　HUMAN who is SUFFICIENTLY OLD to ESTABLISH his/her SEPARATE HOME. (anc: 7/0, child: 20)
  • HUMAN　ANIMAL which HAS TWO LEGS AND LACKS FEATHERS. (anc: 6/0, child: 31)
  • ANIMAL　CREATURE ABLE to FEEL AND MOVE. (anc: 5/0, child: 12)
  • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

    BONUS VIR

  • 中國文化史三百題 ( SANBAITI 1987) p. 127

  • 中國文化背景八千詞 Zhongguo wenhua beijing ba qian ci ( WU SANXING 2008) p. 163

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 2.389FF

    HOMME DE BIEN. HOMME D'HONNEUR.HONNETE HOMME

    • Words (19 items)

    君子  jūn zǐ OC: klun sklɯʔ MC: ki̯un tsɨ 245 Attributions

    Jūn zǐ 君子 can focus on nobility of birth and social status.

      Word relations
    • Inconsist: 器/TOOL The general word for a tool for use of any kind is qì 器, but the primary meaning of the word remains "container, vessel". (For complex mechanical tools see CONTRAPTION.)
    • Ant: 匹夫/ORDINARY Pǐ fū 匹夫 (ant. jūn zǐ 君子 "gentleman; freeman") and the rarer xì rén 細人 is a purely sociological term referring to a person without public office.
    • Ant: 庶人/PEOPLE Shù rén 庶人 is the technical term for the non-office-holding commoners in a country.
    • Ant: 小民/PEOPLE
    • Ant: 小人/ORDINARY Xiǎo rén 小人 (ant. jūn zǐ 君子) is a term of moral or personal appraisal and refers to a person of minor worth or of no moral merit.
    • Ant: 野人/PEOPLE
    • Contrast: 聖人/HERO
    • Oppos: 野人/PEOPLE

      Syntactic words
    • NPabconceptbeing a gentlemanCH
    • NPabwordthe word 'junzi'　君子也者，人之成名也。
    • NPadNof the nature of a gentleman, of the nobility of a gentleman
    • NPanaphoricthe person of high rank mentioned above; the person in charge>the ruler> my ruler侍坐於君子，君子問更端 often works like a NP[post-N]@soc.si.def "my (one and only) lord
    • NPdefinitethe gentlemen (of a certain time or place) 其君子
    • NPindefinitecommendatory/honorific: members of the ruling class; men of superior rank　君子食其味焉
    • NPindefinitea person of high rank, a gentleman　侍坐於君子，
    • NPnonreferentialthe person of elevated social status　與野人相對
    • NPpost-Nsuperlativemost gentleman-like> most distinguished among the N
    • NP{PRED}socialis a member of the ruling class　君子也
    • VPisocialbelong to the ruling class　君子而不仁
    士  shì OC: dzrɯʔ MC: ɖʐɨ 106 Attributions

    The current general term for a person of a certain social standing is shì 士 and this word often connotes specifically a certain level of education, particularly literacy. See INTELLECTUAL.

      Word relations
    • Epithet: 廉/GOOD Lián 廉 (ant. tān 貪 "greedy for bribery gifts") refers to moral probity and impeccability.
    • Epithet: 辯 / 辨/ELOQUENT The current general term for articulate rhetorical ability is biàn 辯 (ant. nè 訥 "be tongue-tied").
    • Epithet: 名/WELL-KNOWN The dominant general term for any kind of reputation, god or bad, is míng 名.
    • Epithet: 豪/GREAT
    • Epithet: 學/STUDY The dominant word is xué 學 (ant. jiào 教 "train teach")which refers primarily to studying or training under another person, and secondarily to the learning by heart texts. Very often, the word retains a tinge of immitation.
    • Contrast: 民/PEOPLE The dominant current general word for the people is mín 民 (ant. jūn 君 "ruler"), and this term refers to the people particularly insofar as they are ruled by a ruler or belong to a state.
    • Contrast: 君子/GOOD Jūn zǐ 君子 (ant. xiǎo rén 小人 "petty man") refers to high moral qualities, especially in men.
    • Assoc: 民/PEOPLE The dominant current general word for the people is mín 民 (ant. jūn 君 "ruler"), and this term refers to the people particularly insofar as they are ruled by a ruler or belong to a state.
    • Assoc: 大夫/OFFICIAL Dà fū 大夫 "notables" is a general formal term for high officials.

      Syntactic words
    • DELETEbe identical with a gentlemanCH
    • ncideal moraltrue intellectual; ideal serviceable gentleman; e.g.守道者謂之士；樂道者謂之君子 real gentleman; true squire
    • nnonreferentialserviceable gentleman; intellectual; squire; educated person (of high or low morals); member of the mobile intelligentia; mobile gentleman with a right to bear a sword and to ride in a carriage
    • npost-Nserviceable gentleman/intellectual/squire of the N kind Cf. 道士，儒士
    • nsocial classserviceable gentleman; serviceable literate intellectual; squire; educated person (of high or low morals); member of the mobile intelligentia; gentleman, member of the gentry. See Yu Yingshi's monograph and The Confucian Shi, official service, and the Confucian -- Chan, Shirley -- 2004
    • n{PRED}be a serviceable gentleman; be a squire; be a scholar, be an educated personLZ
    • viactact as an ideal member of the mobile intelligentia/serviceable gentleman/squire should
    士大夫  shì dà fū OC: dzrɯʔ daads pa MC: ɖʐɨ dɑi pi̯o 16 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPcollectivemembers of the gentry, a member of the gentry
    士君子  shì jūn zǐ MC: dzriX kjun tsiX OC: dzrɯʔ klun sklɯʔ 10 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPgeneralised[NOT non-referential] gentleman of any kind; intellectual of any kindCH
    游士  yóu shì MC: yuw dzriX OC: lu dzrɯʔ 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPpluralitinerant diplomats and intellectualsCH
    長者  zhǎng zhě OC: krlaŋʔ kljaʔ MC: ʈi̯ɐŋ tɕɣɛ 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPgentleman of superior character
    • NPadNof high status
    家  jiā OC: kraa MC: kɣɛ 4 Attributions

    Jiā 家 focusses on basic professionalism or expertise, but the term is rare in pre-Han times.

      Syntactic words
    • nspecialist, expert; distinguished person; philosopher
    良人  liáng rén OC: ɡ-raŋ njin MC: li̯ɐŋ ȵin 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NP{vadN}gentleman
    遊士  yóu shì MC: yuw dzriX OC: lu dzrɯʔ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPpluralpublic servants: roving gentlemen; "internationally" mobile intellectuals; roaming persuaders; peripatetic diplomatic advisors; "Warring States jet-set"CH
    長者子  zhǎng zhě zǐ OC: krlaŋʔ kljaʔ sklɯʔ MC: ʈi̯ɐŋ tɕɣɛ tsɨ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPgentleman
    中大夫  zhōng dà fū OC: krluŋ daads pa MC: ʈuŋ dɑi pi̯o 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPMiddle Ranking Dignitaries
    獻民  xiàn mín MC: xjonH mjin OC: hŋans min 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPvocativedistinguished gentlemen! (sehr geehrte Herren!)CH
    生  shēng OC: sraaŋ MC: ʂɣaŋ 1 Attribution

    Shēng 生 simply refers to literates.

      Syntactic words
    • nintellectual, educated person 諸生
    門子  mén zǐ OC: mɯɯn sklɯʔ MC: muo̝n tsɨ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPpluralscions of leading families
    學者  xué zhě OC: ɡruuɡ kljaʔ MC: ɦɣɔk tɕɣɛ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    儒  rú OC: njo MC: ȵi̯o 0 Attributions

    Rú 儒 "weakling" referred in pre-Qin times to classicists, often from broadly Confucian circles, but came to refer to any scholar with bookish learning.

      Syntactic words
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPpluralpublic servants: roving gentlemen; "internationally" mobile intellectuals; roaming persuaders; peripatetic diplomatic advisorsCH
    學士  xué shì OC: ɡruuɡ dzrɯʔ MC: ɦɣɔk ɖʐɨ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    書生  shū shēng OC: qhlja sraaŋ MC: ɕi̯ɤ ʂɣaŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nliterate person, intellectual