REGION    地區州

LARGE TERRITORY of TERRITORIES.
DISTRICTPROVINCETERRITORYDIVISIONAREASECTIONSECTORZONEBELTPARTQUARTERINFORMAL PARTS
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The general old word for a region is zhōu 州 as in jiǔ zhōu 九州 "the Nine Regions of the World". Especially from Three Kingdom times onwards this word came to regularly replace the term jùn 郡 as the designation of a province. In Han times, under emperor Wǔdì, the leader of a zhōu 州 is called cì shǐ 刺史. 2. Xiàn 縣 referred to a military region under states already in Spring and Autumn times, and these regions were in the border regions. Later, especially in the state of Qin, annexed states were converted into 36 jùn 郡 "commanderies" (governed by a tài shǒu 太守 "governor") which in turn were subdivided into xiàn 縣 "districts" (governed by a lìng 令 "commander" or zhǎng 長 "official-in-charge").
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006 GOVERNMENT/LAW 31. 縣，起於春秋，至秦為一級行政區劃單位；秦以後降為二級、三級。 郡，本隸屬於 “ 縣 ” ；秦代後，成一級行政單位，後代時斷時續，至明代廢置。 州，三國至唐代為一級行政單位。 道，漢代稱少數民族聚居地，與 “ 縣 ” 同等。 唐代成為州以上的地方最高一級行政區劃單位。 路，宋、金時地方一級行政單位，元代降為地方二級行政區劃，明代廢置。 府，唐、宋時將大州升為府，成為一級行政區劃單位，直至清末。 “ 軍 ” 和 “ 監 ” ，宋代與府、州同級的行政區劃單位，轄於路。 省，元代始設的地方最高一級行政區劃單位，沿用於今。
Modern Chinese Criteria
地方 地域 地區 地面 地段 地帶 處 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • CONTINENT　INTENSELY LARGE REGION OR PART of the WORLD. (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
  • BUDDHIST REGIONS　 (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
  • HEAVEN　SUPERNATURAL REGION IN the SKY. (anc: 7/0, child: 1)
Hypernym
  • TERRITORY　PLACE INSIDE DEFINED BOUNDARIES. (anc: 5/0, child: 7)
  • PLACE　PART of SPACE that THINGS BE-IN:are-in. (anc: 4/0, child: 39)
  • PART　OBJECT which COMBINES with OTHER OBJECTS to BECOME ONE LARGER WHOLE OBJECT. (anc: 3/0, child: 8)
  • Novyj objasnitel'nyj Slovar' Sinonimov Russkogo Jazyka ( APRESJAN 2004) p. 939

  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 19.14

    • Words (18 items)

    界  jiè OC: kreeds MC: kɣɛi 15 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nbounded area, territory, region (as viewed from the outside)
    • nabfigurative[BUDDH] realm 欲界、色界、無色界
    • npost-Nwithin the boundaries of N; on the boundary of NDS
    縣  xiàn OC: ɢʷeens MC: ɦen 12 Attributions

    Xiàn 縣 referred to a military region under states already in Spring and Autumn times, and these regions were in the border regions. Later, especially in the state of Qin, annexed states were converted into 36 jùn 郡 "commanderies" (governed by a tài shǒu 太守 "governor") which in turn were subdivided into xiàn 縣 "districts" (governed by a lìng 令 "commander" or zhǎng 長 "official-in-charge").

      Syntactic words
    • nadministrative district
    • nadSin the districtCH
    • npost=Nprthe district NprDS
    • vtoNcausativemake into a district
    郡  jùn OC: ɡluns MC: gi̯un 8 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 縣/REGION Xiàn 縣 referred to a military region under states already in Spring and Autumn times, and these regions were in the border regions. Later, especially in the state of Qin, annexed states were converted into 36 jùn 郡 "commanderies" (governed by a tài shǒu 太守 "governor") which in turn were subdivided into xiàn 縣 "districts" (governed by a lìng 令 "commander" or zhǎng 長 "official-in-charge").

      Syntactic words
    • nprovince as instituted by the Qín
    • n(post-N)the contextually determinate commanderyDS
    方  fāng MC: pjang OC: paŋ 7 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nrealm, regionCH
    • npost-NregionCH
    鄉  xiāng OC: qhaŋ MC: hi̯ɐŋ 6 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 地/TERRITORY Dì 地 refers to a well-defined bounded piece of territory.
    • Oppos: 家/FAMILY The current dominant word is jiā 家 which refers to a whole household, including men, domestic animals and utensils as well as the whole clan system that defines its lineage affiliation.
    • Oppos: 邦/STATE Bāng 邦 is an area-orientated old word referring to an extended state without emphasising the leading role of a capital in that state, and the word was increasingly replaced by guó 國 even before taboo rules related to the name of Liú Bāng had their impact.

      Syntactic words
    • ndistrict of 12 500 families
    • nab.post-Nmetaphysicalrealm
    • nfigurativeregion (of the body)
    郡縣  jùn xiàn OC: ɡluns ɢʷeens MC: gi̯un ɦen 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPnonreferentialofficial administrative regions
    州  zhōu OC: kju MC: tɕɨu 5 Attributions

    The general old word for a region is zhōu 州 as in jiǔ zhōu 九州 "the Nine Regions of the World". Especially from Three Kingdom times onwards this word came to regularly replace the term jùn 郡 as the designation of a province. In Han times, under emperor Wǔdì, the leader of a zhōu 州 is called cì shǐ 刺史.

      Syntactic words
    • nregion
    • n[adN]the people of the regionCH
    中原  zhōng yuán OC: krluŋ ŋɡon MC: ʈuŋ ŋi̯ɐn 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPthe central highlands, the central plains
    曲  qū OC: khoɡ MC: khi̯ok 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nparochial small place, local regionCH
    • vadNparochial, local
    • vadVlocally, parochially
    域  yù MC: hwik OC: ɢʷrɯɡ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nrealm of the universe; part of the worldCH
    東海  dōng hǎi MC: tuwng xojX OC: tooŋ hmlɯɯʔ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • npostNpr.adNfrom the Dōnghǎi regionDS
    • NPprFar East, territories east of the central states or at least on their eastern peripheryLZ
    南海  nán hǎi MC: nom xojX OC: noom hmlɯɯʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPprFar South, territories south of the central statesLZ
    西海  xī hǎi MC: sej xojX OC: sqɯɯl hmlɯɯʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPprFar West, territories west of the central statesLZ
    人天  rén tiān OC: njin lʰiin MC: ȵin then 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPab.cfigurativerealms of human and celestial existence
    州里  zhōu lǐ MC: tsyuw liX OC: kju ɡ-rɯʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPadministrative units of various sizesLZ
    北海  běi hǎi MC: pok xojX OC: pɯɯɡ hmlɯɯʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPprFar North, territories north of the central statesLZ
    道  dào OC: ɡ-luuʔ MC: dɑu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nHan bureaucratic usage: region inhabited by minority peoples
    省  shěng OC: sraaŋʔ MC: ʂɣaŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nprovince (Yuan dynasty usage)