EARNEST    真誠誠

DILIGENT AND SERIOUS IN-RELATION-TO one's SELF:own BELIEFS AND ASPIRATIONS.
SINCEREHEARTFELTWHOLEHEARTEDPROFOUNDDEEPGENUINEREALUNFEIGNEDUNAFFECTEDTRUEHONESTBONA FIDEHONESTGENUINETRUTHFULUNHYPOCRITICALSTRAIGHTFORWARDDIRECTFRANKCANDIDINFORMAL STRAIGHTUPFRONTON THE LEVELON THE UP AND UPSERIOUSSOLEMNGRAVESOBERHUMORLESSSTAIDINTENSECOMMITTEDDEDICATEDKEENDILIGENTZEALOUSTHOUGHTFULDEVOUTHEARTFELTWHOLEHEARTEDSINCEREIMPASSIONEDFERVENTARDENTINTENSEURGENT
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current standard word for earnestness in attitude and earnest effort in practice is chéng 誠 (ant.* màn 慢 "negligent"). 2. Dǔ 篤 refers to trusty earnestness under the special aspect of dependability. 3. Liàng 諒 refers to sincerity of attitude as a moral virtue. 4. Zhōng 衷 refers to earnestness as an inner attitude under the aspect of emotional genuineness, a moral earnestness which will move Heaven.
Modern Chinese Criteria
真誠 熱誠 至誠 赤誠 赤忱 虔誠 竭誠 精誠 誠摯 誠篤 誠懇 懇切 純真 真摯 懇摯 深摯 真率 率真 義氣 誠心 實心 真心 傾心 披心 披懷 披肝瀝膽 衷心 由衷 真切 熱切 殷切 殷殷 諄諄 拳拳 悃誠 悃款 誠 真心誠意 誠心誠意 真心實意 實心實意 開誠相見 開誠布公 肝膽相照 口陳肝膽 直舉胸情 推襟送抱 推心置腹 以情相歸 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • FRANK　EARNEST AND NOT CONCEALING what one FEELS OR BELIEVES. (anc: 16/0, child: 0)
  • SERIOUS　EARNEST AND BELIEVING ONE'S ACTS to be IMPORTANT. (anc: 16/0, child: 1)
  • PIOUS　EARNEST in one's RESPECT for DEITIES. (anc: 16/0, child: 0)
Antonym
  • NEGLECTDISREGARD what one SHOULD NOT DISREGARD.
See also
  • TRUEEXIST CONFORMing to SPEAK(what is claimed). (BE AS SAID(asserted))[[NB: the subject of this syntactic predicate is the situation identified in the "sentence" of which this syntactic predicate is predicated. "God made Heaven and Earth" is TRUE iff the situation identified in this sentence (the creation of Heaven and Earth by God) EXISTS(i.e. occurred).]
  • MORALITYVIRTUE of REFLECTING SYSTEMATICALLY on WHAT IS GOOD ACT:act AND a GOOD LIFE.
  • NAIVESTUPID BECAUSE LACKING IMPORTANT EXPERIENCE.
Hypernym
  • DILIGENT　EAGER to ACHIEVE one's TASK USING APPROPRIATE EFFORT. (anc: 14/0, child: 7)
  • EAGER　INTENSE DESIRE to ACT FOR A DEFINITE AIM. (anc: 13/0, child: 2)
  • DESIRE　GOOD FEELING IN-RELATION-TO ONESELF concerning the FUTURE HAVING, CONTROLLING, or ACTING:doing SOMETHING DEFINED. (anc: 12/0, child: 11)
  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    EARNEST

    severitas refers to earnestness insaofar as it is seated in the mind.

    gravitas refers to earnestness in sofar as it makes an impression on others.

    strenuitas refers to earnestness insofar as it shows itself in action.

  • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 328

  • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

    CONSTANTIA

    PERSEVERANTIA

  • 論衡同義詞研究 ( LUNHENG TONGYI 2004) p. 59

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 2.325

    EHRLICHKEIT

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 2.720

    ERNST

  • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 1273

    誠，信，訊

    1. Xu4n 訊 does not belong in this series.

  • Key Concepts in Chinese Philosophy ( ZHANG DAINIAN 2002) p. 140

  • Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary ( TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996) p. 271

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.386.341

    SINCERITE.FRANCHISE.NAIVETE.INGENUITE

  • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 214

    • Words (34 items)

    誠  chéng OC: djeŋ MC: dʑiɛŋ 43 Attributions

    The current standard word for earnestness in attitude and earnest effort in practice is chéng 誠 (ant.* màn 慢 "negligent").

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 精 / 菁/EXCELLENT Jīng 精 (of general application) (ant. cū 粗 "of only rough quality") and ruì 銳(typically applied to military prowess) (ant. dùn 鈍 "of lesser quality") refer to above-average performance without suggestion individual excellence.
    • Assoc: 精 / 菁/EXCELLENT Jīng 精 (of general application) (ant. cū 粗 "of only rough quality") and ruì 銳(typically applied to military prowess) (ant. dùn 鈍 "of lesser quality") refer to above-average performance without suggestion individual excellence.
    • Assoc: 純/PURE The standard general term for purity is chún 純 (ant. zá 雜 "mixed").

      Syntactic words
    • nab(.post-N)psychtruthfulness to oneself; ardent earnestness of attitude
    • nab.post-NN=nonhumanthe authenticity (of Heaven and earth)CH
    • vadVearnestly and sincerely
    • viactbe earnest; be true to oneself; live up to one's innermost aspirations
    • vifeaturebe earnest; be true to oneselfCH
    • vtoNcausativecause to be earnest; cause to be true to oneself
    • vtoNpassivebe earnestly practisedLZ
    篤  dǔ OC: tuuɡ MC: tuok 16 Attributions

    Dǔ 篤 refers to trusty earnestness under the special aspect of dependability.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 信/FAITHFUL The current general word for trustiness or good faith is xìn 信.
    • Assoc: 謹/DILIGENT The current word for (typically respectful) meticulous and almost fastidious diligence is jǐn 謹 (ant. màn 慢 "be neglectful").

      Syntactic words
    • nabactearnestness of effort
    • vadNearnest; trustworthy
    • vadVearnestly
    • visincere and dependable, trusty, honest, sturdy
    • viactcomport oneself with earnestness and seriousness, be sturdy
    • vt+prep+Nbe earnest with respect to; make an earnest effort in relation to
    • vtoNpsychbe earnest in (the pursuit of one's aspirations etc)
    敦  dūn OC: tuun MC: tuo̝n 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadVearnestly, ferventlyLZ
    • viearnest, fervent
    誠心  chéng xīn OC: djeŋ slɯm MC: dʑiɛŋ sim 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPadVearnestly
    • VPiactshow earnestness
    惇  zhūn OC: tjun MC: tɕʷin
    惇  dūn OC: tuun MC: tuo̝n 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nearnest purity
    • v[adN]those who are diligent; the diligent
    • vadNearnest; faithful
    • vadVearnestly; sedulously
    • vigenerous and pure in attitude, earnest and pure
    諒  liàng OC: ɡ-raŋs MC: li̯ɐŋ 2 Attributions

    Liàng 諒 refers to sincerity of attitude as a moral virtue.

      Syntactic words
    • visincere
    亶  dǎn OC: taanʔ MC: tɑn 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadStruly
    端誠  duān chéng MC: twan dzyeng OC: toon djeŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabfeatureearnestness. sincerityLZ
    • VPadNearnest, sincereLZ
    款著  kuǎn zhǔ OC: khoonʔ k-laʔ MC: khʷɑn ti̯ɤ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPidistinguish oneself through earnestness ???
    厚敦  hòu dūn MC: huwX twon OC: ɡooʔ tuun 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPipsychbe earnestLZ
    赤  chì MC: tsyhek OC: khjaɡ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vadNsincereLZ
    鄭  zhèng OC: deŋs MC: ɖiɛŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • viearnest
    敦厚  dūn hòu OC: tuun ɡooʔ MC: tuo̝n ɦu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabpsychearnest candour
    至心  zhì xīn OC: kljiɡs slɯm MC: tɕi sim 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPadVearnestly; with (Buddhist) devotion
    純篤  chún dǔ OC: djun tuuɡ MC: dʑʷin tuok 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe spiritually pure and earnest
    脩脩  xiū xiū MC: sjuw sjuw OC: sqlɯw sqlɯw 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vi.redmeticulousLZ
    誠實  chéng shí OC: djeŋ ɢljiɡ MC: dʑiɛŋ ʑit
    成實  chéng shí OC: djeŋ ɢljiɡ MC: dʑiɛŋ ʑit 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe earnest and dependable
    誠必  chéng bì MC: dzyeng pjit OC: djeŋ piɡ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe earnestly determined; be absolutely earnest and reliableDS
    頓頓焉  dùn dùn yān MC: twonH twonH hjen OC: tuuns tuuns ɢan 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVearnestly, franklyLZ
    善心  shàn xīn OC: ɡjenʔ slɯm MC: dʑiɛn sim 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPadVearnestly, in good earnestness
    謹愨  jǐn què MC: kj+nX khaewk OC: klɯnʔ khrooɡ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactearnest, dutiful behaviourLZ
    至誠  zhì chéng OC: kljiɡs djeŋ MC: tɕi dʑiɛŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe completely sincere and earnest
    允  yǔn OC: k-lunʔ MC: jʷin 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vadVarchaic and formal: sincerely
    切  qiē, qiè OC: snʰiid MC: tshet 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vi.redintensitivebe very earnest???
    篤厚  dǔ hòu OC: tuuɡ ɡooʔ MC: tuok ɦu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadNearnestLZ
    • VPiactbe earnestly devoted in action
    慎  shèn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNbe earnest with regard to NLZ
    款篤  kuǎn dǔ OC: khoonʔ tuuɡ MC: khʷɑn tuok 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactshow great earnest devotion
    篤行  dǔ xíng OC: tuuɡ ɢraaŋ MC: tuok ɦɣaŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactbe earnest in one's practice
    信誠  xìn chéng OC: sins djeŋ MC: sin dʑiɛŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiintensitivebe quite sincere
    真切  zhēn qiè OC: tjin snʰiids MC: tɕin tshei 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe entirely sincere/earnest
    孚  fū OC: pho MC: phi̯o 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vibe honest and earnest
    實  shí OC: ɢljiɡ MC: ʑit 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadNearnest, sincerely; seriously concerned
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadVearnestlyLZ
    真真  zhen1 MC: -- -- OC: -- -- 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadVearnestlyLZ