ARISE    產生起

The EVENT that something BEGINS to EXIST.
COME TO LIGHTBECOME APPARENTAPPEAREMERGECROP UPTURN UPSURFACESPRING UPOCCUR
Old Chinese Criteria
[GENERAL/SPECIFIC] [HIGH-DEGREE/LOW-DEGREE] [INCHOACTIVE/PERFECTIVE] 1. The most current general word for something arising is probably qǐ 起 (ant. zhǐ 止 "cease to exist"). [GENERAL] 2. Méng 萌 is inchoative and refers to the initial stage of arising. [INCHOATIVE] 3. Shēng 生 (ant. miè 滅 "be extinguished (as dinosaurs)") refers to the coming into existence of something which did not previously exist. [PERFECTIVE] 4. Xīng 興 (ant. xí 息 "cease to be virulent") and fā 發 refer to something moving from an "incubatory" state to a state of manifest "virulence" and full development. [HIGH-DEGREE], [PERFECTIVE] 5. Chū 出 (NB: rù 入 cannot be used as an antonym for this meaning.) refers to something that pre-exists emerging or moving from an initial state of hiddenness or non-obviousness to a state of manifest visibility (in analogy with the basic meaning of the word "to come out"). [SPECIFIC] 6. Zuò 作 (ant.* xiē 歇 "cease to exist, cease to be active, cease to happen") typically refers to something happening or arising for the first time, but the word can also refer to the emergence of persons like sages. [ORIGINAL], [SPECIFIC] NB: This group needs to be viewed together with BEGIN, and the line between the two is by no means always clear.
Modern Chinese Criteria
發生 產生 發出 生出 生 起 鬧 有 來 出 發 first rough draft to identify synonym group members for future analysis, based on CL. 18.11.2003. CH/
Hyponym
  • HAPPEN　ARISE as AN EVENT. (anc: 10/0, child: 3)
Antonym
  • STOPACT so as NOT to CONTINUE NOW:present ACTION.
See also
  • BEGINENDURINGLY STOP NOT to ACT OR to BE RESEMBLING:as in the PAST.
Hypernym
  • EVENT　REALITY that ARISES in TIME. (anc: 8/0, child: 4)
  • REALITY　EXIST and NOT ONLY BE IMAGINED. (anc: 7/0, child: 5)
  • EXIST　BE-IN the UNIVERSE of SPACE AND TIME. (anc: 6/0, child: 5)
  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1826-32) p.

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 11.417

    URSPRUNG

  • Divisiones quae vulgo dicuntur Aristoteleae ( DIVISIONES 1906) p. B 29

    • Words (29 items)

    生  shēng OC: sraaŋ MC: ʂɣaŋ 72 Attributions

    Shēng 生 (ant. miè 滅 "be extinguished (as dinosaurs)") refers to the coming into existence of something which did not previously exist. [PERFECTIVE]

      Word relations
    • Ant: 滅/DESTROY Miè 滅 refers to the physical destruction of cities or states, and the word implies the use of external military force, and typically military resistance.
    • Contrast: 立/ESTABLISH The current general word for setting up anything abstract or concrete is lì 立 and the almost equally common shè 設.
    • Contrast: 產/ARISE
    • Synon: 出/ARISE Chū 出 (NB: rù 入cannot be used as an antonym for this meaning.) refers to something that pre-exists emerging or moving from an initial state of hiddenness or non-obviousness to a state of manifest visibility (in analogy with the basic meaning of the word "to come out"). [SPECIFIC]
    • Synon: 起/ARISE The most current general word for something arising is probably qǐ 起 (ant. zhǐ 止 "cease to exist"). [GENERAL]

      Syntactic words
    • nabprocessemergence, arising
    • nsubjectthing that has originated
    • vadNthat has arisen, that has materialised; that is arising; (of moon) that begins to wax
    • vifigurativeto arise, to emergeVK
    • viperfectiveoriginate; come to emerge; be naturally found in (of inanimate subjects), occur naturally in
    • vt+prep+Nmiddle voicebe produced> arise from; arise therefromCH
    • vt+prep+NPab{S}arise from S being the case
    • vt+prep+Npassive?arise from 生於
    • vt0oN{SUBJ}changearise; appear 生民; come to birth (with postposed subject)
    • vtoNcausativecause to come into existence, cause to existCH
    • vtoV/Nabarise from V-ing (for the commoner 生於)LZ
    起  qǐ OC: khɯʔ MC: khɨ 43 Attributions

    The most current general word for something arising is probably qǐ 起 (ant. zhǐ 止 "cease to exist"). [GENERAL]

      Word relations
    • Ant: 止/STOP The standard current word for ceasing in an activity is zhǐ 止 (ant. xíng 行 "carry on with"), and this word can to any concrete or abstract activity; the ceasing may be final or temporary.
    • Epithet: 初/ORIGINALLY Chū 初 (ant. jīn 今 "nowadays") is purely chronological and does not imply any formative influence of the beginning stage.
    • Contrast: 感/STIMULATE The current general word for stimulating a sentient being into action, or causing feelings, is gǎn 感 (ant. yìng 應 "respond").
    • Synon: 作/ARISE Zuò 作 (ant.* xiē 歇 "cease to exist, cease to be active, cease to happen") typically refers to something happening or arising for the first time, but the word can also refer to the emergence of persons like sages. [ORIGINAL], [SPECIFIC]
    • Synon: 發/ARISE Xīng 興 (ant. xí 息 "cease to be virulent") and fā 發 refer to something moving from an "incubatory" state to a state of manifest "virulence" and full development. [HIGH-DEGREE], [PERFECTIVE]
    • Synon: 生/ARISE Shēng 生 (ant. miè 滅 "be extinguished (as dinosaurs)") refers to the coming into existence of something which did not previously exist. [PERFECTIVE]

      Syntactic words
    • nab{PRED}processemergenceLZ
    • vichangearise, emerge
    • vt+prep+Narise from 起於
    • vt+prep+Ncausativegive rise to, cause to arise in yourself
    • vtoNarise from NCH
    • vtoNcausativecause to arise> allow to arise, give rise to, generate
    出  chū OC: khljud MC: tɕhʷit 24 Attributions

    Chū 出 (NB: rù 入cannot be used as an antonym for this meaning.) refers to something that pre-exists emerging or moving from an initial state of hiddenness or non-obviousness to a state of manifest visibility (in analogy with the basic meaning of the word "to come out"). [SPECIFIC]

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 現 / 見/VISIBLE
    • Contrast: 產/ARISE
    • Synon: 生/ARISE Shēng 生 (ant. miè 滅 "be extinguished (as dinosaurs)") refers to the coming into existence of something which did not previously exist. [PERFECTIVE]
    • Synon: 發/ARISE Xīng 興 (ant. xí 息 "cease to be virulent") and fā 發 refer to something moving from an "incubatory" state to a state of manifest "virulence" and full development. [HIGH-DEGREE], [PERFECTIVE]

      Syntactic words
    • nabprocessoriginCH
    • ntsubjectwhat arises (from something else)
    • viactsurge forthCH
    • vichangecome into existence
    • vimiddle voiceget produced emerge; arise; originate
    • vt+prep+Nemerge from NCH
    • vt+prep+Nobject=sourcearise (from something or somebody); proceed (from something or somebody); take (something) as one's point of departure
    • vtoNemerge from, originate from
    作  zuò OC: tsaaɡs MC: tsuo̝ 23 Attributions

    Zuò 作 (ant.* xiē 歇 "cease to exist, cease to be active, cease to happen") typically refers to something happening or arising for the first time, but the word can also refer to the emergence of persons like sages. [ORIGINAL], [SPECIFIC]

      Syntactic words
    • nabprocessthe coming into existence; origin
    • vicome into being for the first time, make one's appearance, appear on the scene
    • vt+prep+NN=placeto arise in/at NLZ
    • vtoNcausativemake something emerge, provoke something
    • vtoNpassivearise from
    至  zhì OC: kljiɡs MC: tɕi 17 Attributions

      Syntactic words
    • nabeventoccurrence
    • viprocessoccur, take place 大風至
    萌  méng OC: mreeŋ MC: mɣɛŋ 12 Attributions

    Méng 萌 is inchoative and refers to the initial stage of arising. [INCHOATIVE]

      Syntactic words
    • nabmetaphysicalsubtle beginnings, incipient signs of things to come
    • vichange未萌"has not even begun to arise": come into subtle early existence; begin to arise, come into existence 
    • vtoNarise from ZZ 所萌
    興  xīng OC: qhɯŋ MC: hɨŋ 11 Attributions

    Xīng 興 (ant. xí 息 "cease to be virulent") and fā 發 refer to something moving from an "incubatory" state to a state of manifest "virulence" and full development. [HIGH-DEGREE], [PERFECTIVE]

      Syntactic words
    • viprocessarise; emerge
    • vtoNcausativecause to arise
    發  fā OC: pod MC: pi̯ɐt 9 Attributions

    Xīng 興 (ant. xí 息 "cease to be virulent") and fā 發 refer to something moving from an "incubatory" state to a state of manifest "virulence" and full development. [HIGH-DEGREE], [PERFECTIVE]

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 現 / 見/VISIBLE
    • Assoc: 動/MOVE The current general word for movement of any kind, psychological as well as physical, is dòng 動 (ant. jìng 靜 "remain still").
    • Synon: 出/ARISE Chū 出 (NB: rù 入cannot be used as an antonym for this meaning.) refers to something that pre-exists emerging or moving from an initial state of hiddenness or non-obviousness to a state of manifest visibility (in analogy with the basic meaning of the word "to come out"). [SPECIFIC]
    • Synon: 起/ARISE The most current general word for something arising is probably qǐ 起 (ant. zhǐ 止 "cease to exist"). [GENERAL]

      Syntactic words
    • vi(of disease) break out, become virulent; come out into the open
    • vichangeerupt into action, develop; erupt, emerge; develop one's skills
    • vt prep Narise in N; arise from NCH
    來  lái OC: m-rɯɯ MC: ləi 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabeventarising, occurrence
    • viprocesscome to pass, arise
    出現  chū xiàn OC: khljud ɡeens MC: tɕhʷit ɦen 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPichangecome forth and show itself > appear
    • VPt+prep+Nemerge and become visible > show oneself in, emerge in, appear in (also: be born into)
    興起  xīng qǐ OC: qhɯŋ khɯʔ MC: hɨŋ khɨ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPichangeappear in abundance; arise fully, achieve its full development
    始  shǐ OC: lʰɯʔ MC: ɕɨ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viprocessfirst arise
    有  yǒu OC: ɢʷɯʔ MC: ɦɨu 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vieventcome to exist
    • viprocessturn upCH
    為  wéi OC: ɢʷal MC: ɦiɛ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcausativeCAUSE TO HAPPEN> produce; lead to
    產  chǎn OC: sqreenʔ MC: ʂɣɛn 2 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 出/ARISE Chū 出 (NB: rù 入cannot be used as an antonym for this meaning.) refers to something that pre-exists emerging or moving from an initial state of hiddenness or non-obviousness to a state of manifest visibility (in analogy with the basic meaning of the word "to come out"). [SPECIFIC]
    • Contrast: 生/ARISE Shēng 生 (ant. miè 滅 "be extinguished (as dinosaurs)") refers to the coming into existence of something which did not previously exist. [PERFECTIVE]

      Syntactic words
    • vibe produced> arise 亂之所以產
    襲  xí OC: zɯb MC: zip 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vichangeto arise occasionally and pass away rapidly;
    發中  fā zhōng OC: pod krluŋ MC: pi̯ɐt ʈuŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiarise on the inside
    生起  shēng qǐ OC: sraaŋ khɯʔ MC: ʂɣaŋ khɨ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiarise
    發生  fā shēng OC: pod sraaŋ MC: pi̯ɐt ʂɣaŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPichangearise, come into existence
    內生  nèi shēng OC: nuubs sraaŋ MC: nuo̝i ʂɣaŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiprocessarise in the mind
    到  dào OC: k-laaws MC: tɑu 1 Attribution

      Syntactic words
    • viarise
    動  dòng OC: dooŋʔ MC: duŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • viprocessarise, start occurring
    升  shēng OC: qhljɯŋ MC: ɕɨŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vichangearise
    失  shī OC: lʰiɡ MC: ɕit 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vt0oN{SUBJ}eventoccasionally, with postposed subject: come about: 失火 "fire breaks out"
    搆  gòu OC: koos MC: ku 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNpassivebe made; be created > ensue, arise
    結  jié OC: kiid MC: ket 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • viprocesstake shape, arise
    萌興  méng xīng OC: mreeŋ qhɯŋ MC: mɣɛŋ hɨŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiprocesscome to arise and flourish
    發起  fā qǐ OC: pod khɯʔ MC: pi̯ɐt khɨ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabarising, setting in motion
    萌生  méng shēng OC: mreeŋ sraaŋ MC: mɣɛŋ ʂɣaŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPieventarise