REPORT    報告告

ADDRESS others so as to CAUSE them to BECOME AWARE of a FACT.
TELLANNOUNCEDESCRIBEGIVE AN ACCOUNT OFDETAILOUTLINECOMMUNICATEDIVULGEDISCLOSEREVEALMAKE PUBLICPUBLISHBROADCASTPROCLAIMPUBLICIZE
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current word for any report or the passing on of any information is gào 告. But see also ADDRESS. 2. Yù 語 is a common word referring to informal oral notification or instruction. 3. Bào 報 and the rarer fù 復 refer to an oral report to the authorities as required by these authorities. 4. Yè 謁 refers to the transmitting of a message, typically by the ancient Chinese equivalent of a butler. 5. Wén 聞 refers to making something known to a superior or to the public at large. 6. Fěng 諷 refers to an informal (often subtly disguised) personal opinion passed on to superiors. 7. Bái 白 refers to a personal report, often urgent, and typically by an inferior to a superior, and when used among equals it is a polite form of self-deprecation.
Modern Chinese Criteria
告訴 is the current colourless general word for passing on information.告知 is a more old-fashioned way of letting someone know something.報告 is the current modern word for making a report.反映 is the current word for reporting something (e.g. public views) by way of publication.回報 / 匯報 / 彙報 is a more formal current word for a report.上告 focusses on the upward-directedness of a report, typically made on one's own initiative.上報 focusses on the upward-directedness of a report, typically made by orders of higher authorities.呈報 refers to a formal, required report to the authorities.層報 is a technical term referring to a formal required report submitted to one level above one's own.申報 refers to a report one makes on one's own initiative to higher authorities of some sort.稟報 (lit) refers in an elevated manner to a report made to high authorities.密報 refers to a secret report.呈文 (lit, obs) refers to a formal report to the authorities.呈兒 (coll, obs) refers to a formal report to the authorities.呈子 (lit, obs) refers to a formal report to the authorities.簽呈 (lit, obs) refers to a formal report to the authorities.講述談論講解通風報信 refers pejoratively to the informing authorities etc. on someone.<div>rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／</div><div><br></div><div>GREEK KEYWORDS</div><div>αγγελία ας, Ion. άγγελίη ης/ [άγγελος] | Some instances<br>of Ion. άγγελίης and άγγελίην in IL may also be taken as<br>nom. and acc. masc.sb. messenger. |<br>1 message, announcement, news Hom. Hes. Thgn. Pi. B.<br>Hdt. +; (phr.) άγγελίην έλθόντα having come with a message<br>(or as a messenger) IL<br>2 (personif., as daughter of Hermes) Angelia Pi.<br>3 command, order Pi. Hdt.</div><div>αγγέλλω vb. [άγγελος] | fut. άγγελώ, Ion. άγγελέω | aor.<br>ήγγειλα | pf. ήγγελκα || pass.: aor. ήγγέλθην, aor.2 ήγγέλην<br>(Plu.) | pf. ήγγελμαι |<br>1 act as a messenger, carry a message (sts. w.dat. to<br>someone) Hom. + —w.inf. or acc. + inf. to do sthg. or that<br>someone shd. do sthg. Hom. E. Th.; (fig., of a beacon) A.<br>2 make a report or an announcement Pi. S. Th. +<br>3 report, announce (sts. w.dat. or prep.phr. to someone)<br>—sthg. Hom. + —w.compl.cl. that sthg. is the case IL Hdt. S.<br>E. Th. + —W.ACC. + INF. Th. Ar. Plu. —W.INDIR.Q. what is the<br>case Ar. PL<br>4 || pass, (of an event or circumstance) be reported E. Th. Ar.<br>X. Plu. —w.inf. as taking place or as having been such and<br>such E. PL; (of a city) —as being betrayed Th.; (of ships)<br>—w.ptcpl. as doing sthg. Th. || impers.pass. it is reported</div><div>Th. —w.compl.cl. that sthg. is the case Hdt. S. E. Th. +<br>—W.ACC. + INF. E. Th. Plu. II neut.pl.pass.ptcpl.SB. (pres.,<br>aor., pf.) news or reports A. Hdt. Th. +<br>5 give news of —an absent person Od.; report —a person (i.e.<br>their name, w.dat. to someone) Antipho Pl. —(w.predic.adj.<br>as being such and such) E. — (w.ptcpl. or ως + ptcpl. as<br>doing or having done sthg.) S. E. Plu. || mid. declare oneself<br>—w.inf. to be such and such S. || pass, (of a person) be<br>reported -w.PREDic.ADJ. as being such and such E.<br>—w.ptcpl. as doing or having done sthg. E. Th. Plu. —as<br>being alive or dead S. X. Is. D. Plu. —w.inf. to be doing sthg.<br>Pl. X. Plu.<br>6 (of the morning star) announce the arrival of, herald<br>—the light of dawn Od.<br>7 (fig., of clothes) announce —their wearer (w.predic.adj.<br>as being of a certain nationality) E.<br></div><br>
Hyponym
  • PUBLICISE　REPORT to ALL. (anc: 16/0, child: 2)
  • PREDICT　REPORT one's GUESSING about the FUTURE. (anc: 16/0, child: 0)
  • STORY　REPORT of a SEQUENCE of REAL OR FICTIONAL EVENTS. (anc: 16/0, child: 2)
  • ANNUNCIATION　REPORT TO MARY THAT SHE IS PREGNANT WITH JESUS (anc: 16/0, child: 0)
Hypernym
  • ADDRESS　SPEAK OR WRITE INTENDING ANOTHER TO HEAR OR READ AND TO REACT to IT.  (anc: 14/0, child: 23)
  • WRITE　PRODUCE a DOCUMENT. (anc: 13/0, child: 4)
  • PRODUCE　ACT so as to DELIBERATELY CAUSE something to BEGIN to EXIST. (anc: 12/0, child: 17)
Other Hypernyms
  • ADDRESSnew-b2b104ff-6112-4947-b104-ff611229470d　SPEAK OR WRITE INTENDING ANOTHER TO HEAR OR READ AND TO REACT to IT.  (anc: 13/0, child: 23)
  • SPEAK　ACT so as to USE WORDS FOR SHOWING MEANING.*Speech by speaker X, directed towards audience Y, in order to communicate message Z. (anc: 12/0, child: 32)
  • ACT　MOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision. (anc: 11/0, child: 24)
  • Novyj objasnitel'nyj Slovar' Sinonimov Russkogo Jazyka ( APRESJAN 2004) p. 1089

  • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 134

  • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 222

  • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 45

  • 古辭辨 Gu ci bian ( WANG FENGYANG 1993) p. 755

  • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 1279

    告，誥，詔

    1. Ga4o 告 is not just to inform and to warn, it also has important generalised uses "to address", occasionally even with what is a question.

  • Using Chinese Synonyms ( GRACE ZHANG 2010) p. 146

  • A New Dictionary of Classical Greek Synonyms ( T.W.HARBSMEIER 2004) p. no. 4

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 76B

    • Words (40 items)

    告  gào OC: kuuɡs MC: kɑu 116 Attributions

    The current word for any report or the passing on of any information is gào 告. But see also ADDRESS.

      Word relations
    • Result: 知/KNOW The general word for knowing something to be the case in any way or on any basis is zhī 知, but the word is more common in the meaning discussed under UNDERSTAND.
    • Contrast: 教/TEACH The current general word for training, instructing, and disciplining others is jiào 教 (ant. xué 學 "study") and the standard main aim of jiào 教 is unquestioning obedience, professional skill, and intellectual conformity to the standard set by the teacher, and the word connotes use of authority and sometimes even coercion. The primary aim of jiào 教 is action conforming to a standard, and the word is commonly nominalised.
    • Assoc: 教/TEACH The current general word for training, instructing, and disciplining others is jiào 教 (ant. xué 學 "study") and the standard main aim of jiào 教 is unquestioning obedience, professional skill, and intellectual conformity to the standard set by the teacher, and the word connotes use of authority and sometimes even coercion. The primary aim of jiào 教 is action conforming to a standard, and the word is commonly nominalised.
    • Assoc: 報/REPORT Bào 報 and the rarer fù 復 refer to an oral report to the authorities as required by these authorities.
    • Assoc: 誓/PUBLICISE Shì 誓 "proclaim" refers to a proclamation which may be directed at certain sections of society only or to a currently present public. especially a military public. [DESCENDING], [ELEVATED], [FORMAL]
    • Oppos: 問/ASK The general word is wèn 問 "open a dialogue by consulting someone with a question" (ant. duì 對 "reply to a superior") which typically refers to the consultation of a person who is supposed to know something, and typically the person to whom a question is addressed is regarded in the context as an authority though not necessarily a person of superior status. Thus the word, while extremely common, is not really a general word for "to ask". [SPECIFIC]; [[COMMOM+]]

      Syntactic words
    • nabtextreport
    • v[adN]nonreferentialthose who report> denunciators
    • viactOBI: make a formal report to the ancestors
    • vt(oN.)+Vtell a contextually determinate person: 告曰
    • vt+prep+N.adVtoSreport (to someone) (and say) 告於...曰 (NB: the subject of 告 is the same as that of 曰)
    • vt[oN]give information
    • vtoNannounce; tell about (something); report on (something); pass on (information); announce (primarily to superiors, but occasionally also to respected inferiors or indeed to anyone at all), declare
    • vtoN.+VtoStell (someone) (and say...) 告之曰 (directed at superiors or inferiors)
    • vtt(oN1.) N2N2=humaninform N2 about the contextually determinate matter N1DS
    • vtt(oN1.)(+N2)pass on the determinate information to the determinate audience
    • vtt(oN1.)+N2:+vtoSinform N2 about the contextually determinate N1, saying: SDS
    • vtt(oN1.)+N2ominform a (an audience N1) about something determinate N2, report about something determinate to (someone N1); send word to (someone N1)
    • vtt(oN1.)+prep+N2omreport about a determinate matter N1 to (someone N2)
    • vtt(oN1.)postvt(oN2{OBJ})tell a contextually determinate person about a contextually determinate matter 以告
    • vtt[oN1.]+N2N2=humaninform N2 about the lexically determinate matter N1; tell N2 about thingsLZ
    • vttoN.+Stell N that S
    • vttoN.-vtoNab{S}report (to somebody) about a fact
    • vttoN1+.vtoN2report (to an audience N1) (about something N2)
    • vttoN1.+N2tell addressee N1 about the subject N2 告之悔 "told him about his regrets"
    • vttoN1.+prep+N2report (a message N1) to (an audience N2)
    • vttoN1.+prep+N2N1=audiencereport (a message N2) to (an audience N1)告諸往而知來者
    • vttoN1.post-vt(oN2)inform (somebody N1) about a contextually determinate matter N2 以告x
    • vttoN1:postvtoN2tell (someone N1) about (something N2) 以x告y
    • vttoN:+.vt+Nab{S}indirect-speechreport to N that S
    語  yù OC: ŋas MC: ŋi̯ɤ 30 Attributions

    Yù 語 is a common word referring to informal oral notification or instruction.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNreport to; notify (someone), let someone know
    • vtt(oN1.)+N2tell something determinate N1 to (a person N2)
    • vttoN.+Stell N that SCH
    • vttoN1(.+N2)omtell (someone N1) about a contextually determinate matter N2
    • vttoN1+.vtoN2to tell (somebody), that...(indirect speech introduced by 以)
    • vttoN1.+N2tell addresse N1 about subject N2 語之故 "tell him the reason"
    • vttoN1.+N2:+Stell N1 the message S in the form of N2DS
    • vttoN1.postvt(oN2{OBJ})report
    報  bào OC: puuɡs MC: pɑu 15 Attributions

    Bào 報 and the rarer fù 復 refer to an oral report to the authorities as required by these authorities.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 告/REPORT The current word for any report or the passing on of any information is gào 告. But see also ADDRESS.

      Syntactic words
    • nreport
    • vt(oN.)adVreporting to a contextually determinate person (say...)
    • vt[oN]report back (to the authorities)
    • vtoNmake a report, as requested, typically to authorities
    • vtoN.+VtoSreport to N and say:...
    • vtoSreport that
    • vtt(oN1.)+N2report on a contextually determinate matter N1 to an audience N2
    謁  yè OC: qad MC: ʔi̯ɐt 11 Attributions

    Yè 謁 refers to the transmitting of a message, typically by the ancient Chinese equivalent of a butler.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNtransmit (a message), announce; report
    • vtoNobject=visitorannounce the arrival of; act as butler cf. yèzhě 謁者 "butler"
    • vttoN1.+N2report (a crime N1) to (the authorities N2) 謁之吏
    • vttoN1.+N2:adVreport (a fact N1) to (an audience N2) and V
    • vttoN1.+prep+N2pay a visit and report N1 to N2
    復  fù OC: buɡ MC: buk 6 Attributions

    Bào 報 and the rarer fù 復 refer to an oral report to the authorities as required by these authorities.

      Syntactic words
    • nreportCH
    • vt[oN]make an (unquantified general) report
    • vtoNreport (to a superior)
    • vtt(oN1.)+prep+N2report on the contextually determinate matter to N2
    • vttoN1.+prep+N2formally report or announce N1 to N2
    復命  fù mìng OC: buɡ mɢreŋs MC: buk mɣaŋ 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPireport to superordinates/autorities on one's mission
    • VPt(oN)report back to authorities on the contextually determinate subject N
    • VPtoNannounce to the authorities
    告言  gào yán OC: kuuɡs ŋan MC: kɑu ŋi̯ɐn 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtt(oN.)+Squotationtell N that S
    聞  wén OC: mɯn MC: mi̯un 3 Attributions

    Wén 聞 refers to making something known to a superior or to the public at large.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcausativeannounce formally, let (someone) know something
    白  bái OC: braaɡ MC: bɣɛk 3 Attributions

    Bái 白 refers to a personal report, often urgent, and typically by an inferior to a superior, and when used among equals it is a polite form of self-deprecation.

      Syntactic words
    • vtt(oN1.)+N2announce the message N1 to N2
    • vttoN.+VtoSreport N the following:DS
    • vttoN1(.+N2)report N1 to the contextually determinate N2
    • vttoN1.+prep+N2announce the message N1 to the audience N2
    • vttoN1:postvtoN2report on N2 to N1
    言  yán MC: ngjon OC: ŋan 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vttoN1. N2:-Vtell N1 about N2, saying:CH
    • vttoN1.+prep+N2report on N1 to N2, mention N1 to N2CH
    宣語  xuān yù OC: sqon ŋas MC: siɛn ŋi̯ɤ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPttoN.+Sannounce to N that S
    昭告  zhāo gào OC: kljew kuuɡs MC: tɕiɛu kɑu 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNannounce; make an announcement to
    報命  bào mìng OC: puuɡs mɢreŋs MC: pɑu mɣaŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactmake a report
    告命  gào mìng OC: kuuɡs mɢreŋs MC: kɑu mɣaŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactmake an official diplomatic report
    誦  sòng OC: sɢloŋs MC: zi̯oŋ 1 Attribution

    to re-tell a conversation which the subject had with somebody else then the adressee of the re-telling [DS]

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNobject=contentto re-tell something
    赴  fù MC: phjuH OC: phoɡs 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • n=訃　funerary announcementCH
    告敕  gào chì OC: kuuɡs rʰɯɡ MC: kɑu ʈhɨk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtt(oN1.)(+N2)tell the contextually determinate person about the contextually determinate thing
    宣通  xuān tōng OC: sqon kh-looŋ MC: siɛn thuŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNresultativeproclaim and get through to
    告示  gào shì OC: kuuɡs ɢljils MC: kɑu ʑi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtt(oN1.)(+N2)tell N1 the message N2, both being contextually determinate
    • vtt[oN1.]+N2report and demonstrate things to N2 so as to enlighten N2LZ
    入告  rù gào MC: nyip kawH OC: njub kuuɡs 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNreport to the authorities; go in and report to the authoritiesCH
    語曰  yù yuē OC: ŋas ɢʷad MC: ŋi̯ɤ ɦi̯ɐt 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoSquotationreport: "..."
    告語  gào yù OC: kuuɡs ŋas MC: kɑu ŋi̯ɤ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtt(oN1.)+N2inform the audience N2 of the contextually determinate message N1
    啟白  qǐ bái OC: kheeʔ braaɡ MC: khei bɣɛk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtt(oN1.)(+N2)inform the contextually determinate N1 of the contextually determinate fact N2
    命  mìng OC: mɢreŋs MC: mɣaŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vttoN1.+N2to inform (a senior person N1) (about something N2)
    問  wèn OC: mɯns MC: mi̯un 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vttoN1.post-vt(oN2)
    宣告  xuān gào OC: sqon kuuɡs MC: siɛn kɑu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtt(oN1.)+N2tell the contextually determinate thing N1 to the audience N2
    上聞  shàng wèn MC: dzyangX mjunH OC: ɡljaŋʔ mɯns 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtt(oN.) Ssubmit to N that SCH
    反命  fǎn mìng OC: panʔ mɢreŋs MC: pi̯ɐn mɣaŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPt+prep+Nreport back to N 反命於國 "report back to one's state"
    • VPt[+prep+N]report back to one's lexically determiate leadership
    聲  shēng OC: qjeŋ MC: ɕiɛŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabsemanticmessage
    說  shuō OC: lʰod MC: ɕiɛt 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtt(oN1.)+prep+N2report the contextually determinate thing to N2 GUOYU: 使人說於子胥 "he sent someone to inform Zixu about it"
    辭  cí OC: zɯ MC: zɨ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtt(oN1.)+N2report the understood message N1 to N2
    通  tōng OC: kh-looŋ MC: thuŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtt(oN1.)+prep+N2report to N1 the fact N2
    交語  jiāo yǔ OC: kreew ŋaʔ MC: kɣɛu ŋi̯ɤ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPipass on the message (DCD 2.342)
    陳  chén OC: ɡrliŋ MC: ɖin 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNreport; announce (subject: superior)
    寄語  jì yǔ OC: krals ŋaʔ MC: kiɛ ŋi̯ɤ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPttoN.+Ssend word to N that S, let N know that S
    口  kǒu OC: khooʔ MC: khu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNrare: drop a word to
    曉  xiǎo OC: qheewʔ MC: heu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcausativecause to know, give to understand
    復告  fù gào OC: buɡ kuuɡs MC: buk kɑu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoN.+VtoSsay S to N
    厎告  dǐ gào OC: tjilʔ kuuɡs MC: tɕi kɑu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vttoN1(.+N2)report about concentextually determinate N2 to N1
    稟  bǐng OC: prɯmʔ MC: pim 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNapparently post-Han: submit formally (to higher authorities); announce formally