Responsibility
(author): De Vaan, M.
Title
(eng): Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the Other Italic Languages
Details
(place)Leiden: (publisher)Brill, 2008
Identifier
DE VAAN 2008
Topics
Comments
Information basis
Electronic Version
Referred from
BEARD[ 'bearded' (Elog.Scip., P1.+), barbula 'little beard' (Lucil.+),
barbitium 'a growth of beard' (Apul.+); imberbis [adj.] 'beardless' (Lucil.+)....]BEAST[ mss.)
Derivatives: beluatus 'provided with beasts' (P1.+), belutus [adj.] Tike a beast'
(Paul, ex F.)....]BEE[en.pl. apum, sec. apium, acc.pl. apes)
Derivatives: apicula 'little bee' (PI.+)....]BIRD['little bird' (Varro+); auspex, -icis 'augur, bird-diviner' (P1.+),
auspicium 'augury, omen' (Elog., Naev.+), auspicare/i 'to take the auspices, enter
upon' (Naev.+); auceps, gen.sg. aucupis 'bird-catcher' (P1.+), aucupare/i 'to go
bird-catching' (P1.+), aucupium 'bird-catching; wild fowl' (P1.+); auca 'bird, esp.
goose' (Avianus [ca. 400 AD], gloss.)....]BIRDS OF PREY[us 'like that of an eagle' (P1.+); aquilo 'the North wind'
(Naev.+)....]BITTER[aritudo 'bitterness' (Varro+), amaror [m.] 'bitter taste' (Lucr.+)....]BLACK[atives: atrium (P1.+) 'first main room in a Roman-style house'....]BLIND[
Derivatives: caecare 'to make blind' (Lucr.+), caecilia 'the blind-worm' (Col.),
caecitas 'blindness' (Cic.+), caeculus 'small (and) blind' (Lab.+), caecutire 'to be
blind, see badly' (Varro+), caecultare 'to be purblind, see badly' (PI., Paul, ex F.)....]BOVINE[ [m., f.] (Naev.+). Variants: nom.sg.
bus Varro lx, bouis Varro lx, Petr. Ix, abl.sg. bouid CIL 11.4766, gen.pl. bouerum
Cato, Varro, bouum, bouom Varro. Quint., Fest., bubum Ulp., dat.abl.pl. bubus, bo bus
passim.
Derivatives: bovTle [n.] (Cato+), bubile [n.] (Plaut.+) 'stall for oxen', bubula 'beef
(P1.+), bUbulus 'pertaining to, belonging to cattle' (Naev.+); bubulcus 'one who
ploughs with oxen, herdsman' (Cato+), bubulcitare 'to be a herdsman, keep, feed,
drive oxen' (P1.+); bucetum 'pasture' (Varro+); bucula 'young cow' (Cic.+), buculus
'young bull' (Col.+); bucaeda [m.] 'ox-slaughterer' (PL+); Bubona 'cattle goddess'
(Aug.); bucina 'shepherd's horn, trumpet' (Varro+)....]BOW[.+; gen.sg. arqui Cic., Lucr., nom.pl.
arquT Varro)
Derivatives: arquites 'archers' (Paul, ex F.), arcitenens/arquitenens 'that carries a
bow' (Naev.+), arcuatus, arquatus 'bow-shaped' (Var.+)....]CAUTIOUS[cautus II] (Naev.+)
Derivatives: cautus 'on one's guard, wary' (P1.+), cautiO 'care, precaution' (P1.+),
cautor 'one who takes precautions' (P1.+), cautela 'caution' (P1.+); praecaveo 'to be
on one's guard' (P1.+)....]COARSE[+)
Derivatives: asperare 'to make rough' (Varro+), exasperare 'id.' (Liv.+)....]COLD[+)
Derivatives: algor [m.] 'cold' (P1.+), algus, -us 'id.' (P1.+), algidus 'cold' (Naev.+)....]CUT[di, ppp. caesum] (Lex XII+)
Derivatives: caedes, -is 'killing, slaughter' (Cato+),~icaeduus 'ready for felling'
(Cato+); caelum 'chisel' (Varro4-), caelare 'to adorn,engrave' (Enn.); caementum
'small stones, rubble' (Enn.+); caestus, -us 'strip of;Ieather, boxing-glove' (P1.+);
caia 'cudgel' (Isidorus), caiare 'to beat, thresh' (PL); ancaesa 'caelata' (Paul, ex F.\
ancTle [n.J 'small shield' (Enn.+), ETC....]DARE[usT] (Naev.+)
Derivatives: auddx 'daring, bold' (Naev.+), audacia 'boldness, audacity' (P1.+)....]DARK[
Derivatives: caligare 'to be dark' (maybe Pac.+ 'to make dark' (uncertain
attestation), otherwise Cic.+)....]DISASTER[ves: calamitosus 'liable to damage or disaster' (Cato+); incolumis [adj.]
'unharmed, safe' (P1.+)....]DOG[canis, but older canes in Enn., PL,
Lucil., Varro (all lx), abl.sg. cane, gen.pl. canum) j
Derivatives: camcula 'bitch' (PI.+); dog-star, Sirius; dog-fish or shark' (Varro+),
cariimis 'of a dog' (PI.+)....]DONKEY[sina 'she-ass' (Var.+), asellus 'ass, donkey' (Varro+), asinarius
'connected with asses' (P1.+)....]DRINK[itum] (Andr.+)
Derivatives: bibosus 'addicted to drink' (Lab.+), bibulus 'fond of drinking,
absorbent' (Lucr.+); adbibere 'to drink in' (P1.+), combibere 'to absorb' (Cato+),
combibo 'drinking-companion' (Lucil.+), ebibere 'to drink up, swallow' (P1-+),
perbibere 'to drink deeply, absorb' (P1.+)....]DRY[us 'dry, arid' (P1.+; also ardus PL), peraridus 'very dry' (Cato+),
ardere 'to bum' (P1.+), ardor 'a burning, fire' (Acc.+); area 'open space, clearing'
(P1.+); arefacio 'to make dry' (Cato+; also arfacio Cato, facit are Lucr.); adarescere
'to become dry' (Cato), exarescere 'to dry up' (P1-+), perarescere 'to dry up
thoroughly' (Varro+)....]EAGER[avidus 'desirous' (P1.+), aviditas 'greed; lust' (P1.+); avarus 'greedy,
stingy (esp. with regard to money)' (Naev.+), avaritia 'greed of gain' (P1.+)....]EAR[ear' (P1.+), auscultare 'to listen' (P1.+), inaures, -ium
'ear-rings' (P1.+)....]EMULATE[vatives: aemulus [m.] 'rival' (Ter.+), aemula (P1.+) 'female rival', aemulari 'to
rival, emulate' (P1.+)....]EQUAL[aiquom, OLat. aecus)
Derivatives: adaeque [adv.] 'to the same extent' (P1.+); aequor, -oris [n.] 'level
surface, the sea' (Enn.+); aequare 'to make level, make even' (Varro+), aequalis
'equal, even' (P1.+), aequabilis 'equal, uniform' (Cato+), aequabilitas 'analogy,
equability' (Varro+), aequamen 'instrument used for levelling' (Varro); iniquus /
inicus 'unfair, unequal, uneven' (P1.+), iniquare 'to ruffle (the mind)' (Lab.)....]FAMOUS[clear' [adj. /] (PI.+)
Derivatives: concelebrare 'to celebrate' (P1.+), celebrescere 'to become famous'
(Acc.), celebrare 'to celebrate, praise' (Acc.+).
Celebritas, celebriter, celebrabilis, celebratio, celebratus...]FEEDFIELD[.+)
Derivatives: agrarius 'of land, agrarian' (Lucil.+); agrestis 'of fields, rural, wild'
(PI.+), agrestis [m.] 'peasant' (Acc.+); agricola [m.] 'farmer' (PI.+); peregri [adv.]
'away from home, abroad' (Naev.+), peregre [adv.] 'abroad' (Naev.+), peregrinus
'foreign, alien' (PI.+).
arvum 'ploughed land' [n. o] (Cic.+)
Derivatives: arva 'ploughed land' (Andr., Naev., Pac.); aruos (PL), aruus [adj.]
'ploughed, cultivated' (Var., Cic.)....]GAMBLE[ aleo 'gambler' (Naev.+)....]GOLD[s 'golden, of gold' (Andr.+), aureolus 'id.' (P1.+), aurarius
'concerned with gold' (P1.+), auratus 'gilded' (P1.+); aurifex/aurufex, -icis 'goldsmith'
(P1.+)....]GRANDFATHER[nculus 'maternal uncle' (P1.+); avia 'grandmother' (P1.+); avitus
'belonging to a grandfather, ancestral' (Cic.+)....]GREEDY[avidus 'desirous' (P1.+), aviditas 'greed; lust' (P1.+); avarus 'greedy,
stingy (esp. with regard to money)' (Naev.+), avaritia 'greed of gain' (P1.+)....]HAPPY[Derivatives: beatus 'happy, fortunate' (P1.+)....]HEAR[es: oboedire 'to obey' (P1.+), exaudire 'to hear, heed' (P1.+), peraudire 'to
hear to the end' (PI.)....]HEAVEN[n m. caelus, pi. always caelT]
(Naev.+; cael [nom.sg.m.] lx Enn.)
Derivatives: caeles, -itis 'dwelling in heaven' (Enn.+), [m.] 'god, divinity' (mostly
pl., gen.pl. -itum; P1.+); caelestis 'in/from the sky, heavenly' (Varro+), caerul(e)us
'blue' (PI.+)....]HIGH[erivatives: altitudo 'height, depth' (Cato+)....]ILLNESS[aegrOtus 'sick, diseased' (P1.+), aegrotare (P1.+) 'to be sick'; aegrere
'to be sick' (Lucr.), aegrescere 'to become sick' (Lucr.+); aegrimonia 'mental
distress' (P1.+); aegritudo 'illness, grief (PI.+)....]INCREASE[auctum] (P1.+)
Derivatives: augescere 'to increase, grow' (Naev.+); augur, -uris (older auger
according to Priscian) 'bird-observer, augur, prophet' (Cato+), augurium 'augury,
omen' (P1.+; acc.pl. augura Acc. lx), augurare 'to foretell' (P1-+), augustus 'solemn,
venerable' (Enn.+), auxilium 'assistance, aid' (P1.+); auctare 'to cause to grow'
(P1.+), auctarium 'overplus' (PI., Paul, ex F.), auctor 'seller, authoritative person'
(P1.+), auctoritas 'right of ownership, authority* (Lex XII+), auctio 'public sale'
(P1.+), auctus, -us 'increase' (Lucr.+); augmen, -minis 'addition' (Lucr.), augmentum
'increase' (Sen.+), augificare 'to make larger' (Enn. lx)....]JUDGE[I+)
Derivatives: arbitrari 'to witness, judge' (P1.+), arbitratus, -us 'decision,
judgement'; arbitrium /arbiterium 'arbitration, settlement' (Lex XII, Cic.+)....]LACK[L+)
Derivatives: castus 'free from, pure, chaste' (P1.+),...]LAMB[ (Paul, ex F.), agnellus 'young lamb', ambiegnus (Varro;
ambegnus Paul, ex F.) 'sacrificial animal which is flanked on both sides by lambs'....]LEAD[; OLat. pr.sb. addxint, axim, axit] (Lex
XII, Naev.+)
Derivatives [are extraordinarily many]: (1) actor 'performer, pleader' (P1.+); actus, -us 'driving of cattle or
carts, motion, activity' (Cato+), actutum 'immediately' (Naev.+); actio 'activity,
action' (Varro+); (2) agitare 'to stir, drive, disturb, be occupied, aspire to' (Naev.+),
agitator 'driver, charioteer' (P1.+); agmen (Enn.+) 'stream, crowd'; ex amen 'swarm
(of bees) (P1.+); needle of scales (Verg.+); ammentum / amentum 'thong or loop
attached to a spear' (Caes.+); agilis 'swift, agile' (Sis.+); agolum 'shepherd's staff
(only Paul, ex F.);
[Also compounds]: remex 'oarsman, rower' (P1.+); coagulum 'bond, tie; rennet,
curdled milk' (Var.+); ambages 'detour, meanderings; circumlocution' (P1-+); indago,
-inis 'ring of huntsmen' (Verg.+); (3) abigere 'to drive away, reject' (P1.+), adigere
'to drive, force into' (P1.+), ambigere 'to dispute' (Ter.+), ambiguus 'undecided,
doubtful' (P1-+), cogere 'to collect, compel' [pf. coegi, ppp. coactum] (P1.+), cogitare
'to think, consider' (P1.+), degere 'to spend one's life, live' (P1.+), exigere 'to drive
out, remove' (Naev.+), exiguus 'small, scanty' (Lucr.+), exilis 'thin, slender'
(Lucil.+), inigere 'to drive in, push' (Varro+), prodigere 'to waste, squander'
(Naev.+), prodigus 'wasteful, extravagant' (P1.+), prodigium 'unnatural event,
wonder, marvel' (P1.+), prodigialis 'of prodigies' (P1.+), redigere 'to send back,
restore, bring under control' (P1.+), subigere 'to bring under, subdue, constrain'
(Naev.+), subigitare 'to excite sexually by fondling' (P1.+), subigitatrix (PI.),
subigitatio 'erotic fondling' (PL); circumagere 'to drive round, wind' (Cato+),
peragere 'to perform, finish' (Enn.+); (4) iurigare 'to quarrel' (P1.+); litigare 'to
litigate' (P1-+); navigare 'to go by ship' (P1.+); purigare 'to clean, purify' (> purgo)
(PL+); fatigare 'to tire, exhaust' (Pac.+); fastTgare 'to taper, make pointed' (Caes.+);
castTgare 'to reprimand, reprove' (P1.+); vectigal (Cato+) 'revenue, income'; aureax
(Paul, ex F.) /auriga (Var.+) 'charioteer'....]LOVE[amascere 'to begin to love' (Naev.), amasius 'lover' (PL+); amicus
'friend' (Naev.+), 'friendly' [o/a] (P1.+), arnica 'female friend' (Naev.+), inimicus
[adj. / m.] 'unfriendly; an enemy* (P1.+), inimicitia 'enmity, ill will' (PI.+); amor
'sexual passion, love' (Naev.+)....]MIND[anima 'breath' (Naev.+); animal, -alis 'animal' (Varro+), animalis
[adj.] 'living, animate' (Pac.+), animulus 'heart, soul' (PI.), exanimis [adj.] 'dead'
(Lucr.+), exanimare 'to prostrate, kill' (P1.+), exanimabilis 'as one who is dead'
(Naev.), exanimalis 'dead, deadly' (PI.).
Pit. *anamo- 'breath, spirit'. It. cognates:...]OPEN[pertum] (Naev.+)
Derivatives: apertare 'to expose' (PI.), apertio 'the act of opening' (Varro)....]OTHER[dr.+; alid for aliud Cat.)
Derivatives: alienus 'belonging to others' (Lex XII+); aliquis 'someone' (P1.+),
alicubi 'somewhere' (Ter.+); alter, [o/a] 'second, other' (Naev.+), adulter
'clandestine lover* (P1.+), altemus 'alternate' (P1.+), alter carl 'to dispute' (Ter.+)....]PERIOD[(PI., Lucr., C1L); n. (mostly) o] (P1.+)
Derivatives: aetas, -atis 'age' (P1.+) < aevitas (Lex XII, Var.); aeternus 'eternal'
(P1.+) < aeviternus (Pac.+)....]PLOUGH[aratio 'an estate of arable land' (P1-+), arator 'ploughman' (Lucr.+),
aratrum 'a plough' (Cato+)....]PROVE[um] (P1.+)
Derivatives: <3rgwtoI(Naev.+) 'clever; producing sharp or clear sounds', argutiae
(P1.+) 'sophistry, cleverness', argumentum (P1.+) 'proof, argument'....]RING[. o] (P1.+)
Derivatives: dnulus 'ring (for the finger)' (Naev.), anellus 'little ring' (P1.+)....]SEASON[s, -us 'heat; fervor; swell (of the sea)' (Naev.+); aesiivus 'of
summer, summery' (P1.+), aestivare 'to spend the summer' (Varro+)....]SHARP[ -us 'needle, pin' (P1.+), acutus 'pointed, sharp' (P1.+), acuere 'to
sharpen' (Ter.+), acumen 'sharp point' (Enn.+); aculeus 'sting, thorn' (Cic.+);
acupedius 'quick-footed' (Paul, ex F ), acupenser (Lucil.+) / acipenser (Hor.+) 'a
fish, probably the sturgeon' (P1.+); acinus [m./n.] 'grape or other berry; also the seeds
of grapes' (Cato+).
acer, -is, -e 'sharp' [adj. /] (Naev.+; deer [nom.sg.f.] Naev., acris [nom.sg.m.] Enn.)
Derivatives: acrimonia 'sharpness' (Naev.+); acritas 'force' (Acc.); acritudo
'harshness* (Acc.+); acrufolius 'tree with prickly leaves, holly' (Cato)....]SHINE[n.+)
Derivatives: candor, -oris 'bright light' (Naev.+); candidus 'bright' (PI.+),
candidaius 'dressed in white' (P1.+); candela 'candle' (Varro, Hem.+), candelabrum
'stand for burning candles' (Cato+); candefacid 'to make white' (P1.+), excandescere
'to catch fire' (Cato+); cicindela 'firefly' (Plin., Paul. exF.)....]SILVERSING[ntum] (Carmen Saliare, P1.+)
Derivatives: cantare 'to sing' (Naev.+), cantitare 'to sing(repeatedly)' (Ter.+),
cantor 'singer' (P1.+), cantus, -iis 'singing, song' (Andr.+), cantio 'song' (P1.+);
canor, -oris [m.] 'song, music', candrus 'resonant, loud' (P1.+); cantilena 'refrain'
88 caulis
(Ter.+); carmen, -inis 'song' (Lex XII+); vaticinari 'to prophesy, rave' (P1.+); Lat.
-cen, -cinis [m.] 'instrument, singer', in: comicen 'trumpeter' (Var., Cic.+), fidicen
'lyre-player' (Cic.+), fidicina 'female lyre-player* (P1.+), fidicinius 'for lyre-playing'
(PI.), liticen 'trumpeter' (Cato+), oscen 'a bird that gives omens by its cry, song-bird'
(Cic.+), siticen 'player on some kind of musical instrument' (Cato apud Gell.), tibicen
'piper' (P1.+), tibicina 'female piper' (P1.+), tubicen 'trumpeter' (Cato.-)....]SKILLFUL[vatives: iners 'clumsy, lazy' [abl.sg. inerti] (Naev.+); sollers 'clever, skilled'
(Cato+); al(l)ers 'learned, clever' (gloss.); artifex, -jicis (Var. artufices) 'practitioner,
craftsman' (P1.+), artificium 'skill, craft' (Cic.+).
astus, -us 'cunning, craft' [m. w] (P1.+; from Plautus to Ovid, only the abl.sg. astu is
used)
Derivatives: astutus [adj.] 'cunning, clever' (P1.+), astiitia 'cunning, craft' (P1.+)....]SNAKE[nguinus 'of a snake' (Cato+),......]SOUL[anima 'breath' (Naev.+); animal, -alis 'animal' (Varro+), animalis
[adj.] 'living, animate' (Pac.+), animulus 'heart, soul' (PI.), exanimis [adj.] 'dead'
(Lucr.+), exanimare 'to prostrate, kill' (P1.+), exanimabilis 'as one who is dead'
(Naev.), exanimalis 'dead, deadly' (PI.).
Pit. *anamo- 'breath, spirit'. It. cognates:...]SOUR[es: acetum 'sour wine, vinegar' (P1.+), acetabulum 'vinegar container
(Cato+); acidus 'acid, sour' (P1.+); acor [m.] 'acid' (Col.+); acies [f.] 'sharp edge
(P1.+)....]SPIDER[us [adj.] 'of spiders' (Col.+), aranea 'spider's web, cobweb*
(P1.+), 'spider' (Cat.+)....]STICK[: bacillum (Afran.+) 'small stick*....]STUTTER[ balbuttire / balbutfre 'to stammer' (Cic.+)....]TEMPLE[I, Andr.+; nom.sg. also aedis)
Derivatives: aedicula 'small room, small house' (P1.+); aedilis (P1.+) 'magistrate,
aedile' (Elog.Scip. aidilis), aedilicius 'of or connected with an aedile' (P1.+), aedilitas
'the office of an aedile' (P1.+); aedificare 'to build' (P1.+), aedificium 'building'
(P1.+), aedificator 'builder' (Cato+), aedificatio 'building' (Cato+); aeditu/imus 'who
has charge of a temple' (P1.+)....]TREE[Verg., Ov.), acc.sg. arbosem,
nom./acc.pl. arboses Paul, ex F.)...]VIOLENT[ (abl.sg. atroci passim)
Derivatives: atrocitas 'savageness, horror' (Acc.+)....]WALK[ ambulacrum 'promenade' (P1.+), ambulator [m.], -trix [f.] 'who walks
about' (Cato+), ambulatio 'promenade, walk' (Varro+); deambulare 'to go for a
walk' (Cato+), deambulatio 'a walk' (Ter.), inambulare 'to pace up and down' (P1.+),
obambulare 'to walk up to' (P1.+), perambuiare 'to roam about' (PI.), redambulare
'to walk back' (PL).
cedO, -ere 'to go, proceed' [v. Ill; cessT, cessum] (P1.+)
Derivatives: cessare 'to hold back, hesitate; desist, rest' (P1.+), cessatio 'rest,
respite' (P1.+); abscedere 'to go away' (Naev.+), accedere 'to approach' (P1.+),
accessid 'approaching; addition' (P1.+), accessitare 'to approach repeatedly' (Cato),
aniecedere 'to surpass, precede' (P1.+), concedere 'to go (away), give way' (P1.+),
concessare 'to desist' (P1.+), decedere 'to go away, yield' (P1.+), excedere 'to retire,
depart' (PL+), incedere 'to arrive, walk' (Andr.+), intercedere 'to intervene' (P1.+),
intercessio 'veto' (Sisenna+), occedere 'to go so as to confront' (P1.+), procedere 'to
progress' (P1.+), recedere 'to withdraw' (P1.+), recessim *in retreat' (PI.), secedere 'to
draw aside' (P1.+), succedere 'to succeed; come tinder' (in PI. and Ter. only
'succeed'); necesse [adv.] 'essential, inevitable' (NaeV.+), necessus/um esse 'to be
indispensable' (SCBac.+), necessitas 'constraint need' (P1.+), necessarius
'necessary' (P1.+)....]WARFARE[um, e.g. in PI.)
Derivatives: bellicus/duellicus 'of war' (P1.+), Belidna 'Roman goddess of war'
(P1.+), inscr. Duelonai (gen.sg.); perduellis < [m.] 'national enemy' (P1.+), perduellio
'(state) treason' (Valerius Antias+); belldtor 'warrior' (P1.+) (PI. Ix duellator)....]WARM[ivatives: calescere 'to grow warm' (Cato+); calidus (caldus) 'hot, warm' (PI.+);
color 'heat' [m.] (PI.+); cal(e)facere 'to make hot' (P1.+), calefactare 'to heat' (P1.+)....]WATER['a small stream' (P1.+), aquosus 'well-watered' (Cato+), aqualis
'watery, for water' (Cato+), aquariusrius [adj. / m.] 'of / for water' (Cato), aquatus
'mixed with water' (Cato+), aquatilis 'watery, aquatic' (Varro); aquilex, -gis
'water-diviner' (Varro+)....]WEAPON[pl. armum Pac., Acc.)
Derivatives: armatus 'armed' (P1.+); armentum 'herd of cattle' (Var., Lucr.+),
armenta 'id.' (Enn., Pac.); armiger 'armour-bearer, squire' (P1.+), armare 'to arm,
equip' (Cic.+); inermis 'unarmed' (P1.+)....]WHITE[re 'to be(come) white' (Sis.+), albescere 'to become white'
(Lucr.+), albicare 'to have a whitish tinge' (Varro+), albulus 'white' (Varro+).
[ALSO: albedo CH]...]WIFE[xorius 'of a wife' (P1.+), uxorcula 'little wife' (P1.+), uxorculare 'to play the part of a wife' (PI.)....]YEAR['yearly' (PI.+), annalis 'annual' (Varro+), anniculus [adj.] 'one
year old, yearling' (Cato+), anndna 'produce, supply, food, corn' (P1.+), annosus 'full
of years, aged' (Lab.+); perennis 'that continues the year through, constant' (P1.+);
biennium 'period of two years' (P1.+)....]