ADMIRE    仰慕慕

APPRECIATE AND DELIGHT in what one BELIEVES is MORE GOOD IN-RELATION-TO either ONESELF OR IN-RELATION-TO what is COMMON.
ESTEEMAPPROVE OFRESPECTTHINK HIGHLY OFRATE HIGHLYHOLD IN HIGH REGARD
Old Chinese Criteria
[ACTIVIY/STATE] [AESTHETIC/MORAL] [ASCENDING/HORIZONTAL/DESCENDING] [EMOTIONAL/RATIONAL] [HIGH-DEGREE/LOW-DEGREE] [MENTAL/OVERT] [OBJ=HU/OBJ=NONHU] [OBJECTIVE/SUBJECTIVE] [OVERT/COVERT] [PRIVATE/PUBLIC] 1. The standard general word for admiration is mù 慕 (ant. bǐ 鄙 "hold in low esteem"), and this word often connotes emulation. [ASCENDING], [EMOTIONAL], [OBJ=HU], [STATE], [SUBJECTIVE] 2. Wàng 望 refers to an intense distant admiration of some heroic or in any way especially elevated figure. [ACTIVITY], [ASCENDING], [HIGH-DEGREE], [OBJ=HU], [RATIONAL], [SUBJECTIVE] 3. Yǎng 仰 (ant.* yì 易 "have no special respect for") refers to a distant veneration of some heroic or in any way especially elevated figure. [ACTIVITY], [ASCENDING], [HIGH-DEGREE], [OBJ=HU], [RATIONAL], [SUBJECTIVE] 4. Shàng 尚 (ant. qīng 輕 "have no special respect for") refers to giving high practical priority to something or someone out of a sense of admiration or appreciation. [ACTIVITY], [ASCENDING], [OBJ=HU], [OVERT] [PUBLIC] 5. Shàng 上 (ant. xià 下 "despise, have no special respect for") refer to giving high practical priority to something out of a sense of admiration or appreciation. [ASCENDING], [OBJ=NON-HU], [OBJECTIVE], [OVERT], [PUBLIC] 6. Yòu 右 (ant. qīng 輕 "have no special respect for") refer to giving high practical priority to something or someone out of a sense of admiration or appreciation. [ACTIVITY], [ASCENDING], [OVERT], [PUBLIC] 7. Měi 美 (ant. è 惡 "find despicable an dislikable") refers to an intense expressly subjective aesthetic or moral appreciation for something as admirable. [COVERT], [STATE], [SUBJECTIVE] 8. Duō 多 (ant. shǎo 少 "feel no respect for") refers to an objective assessment of something as worthy of admiration. [COVERT], [OBJECTIVE], [RATIONAL], [STATE] 9. Xiàn 羨 refers to rather personal and private admiration for something, and this admiration is sometimes mixed with envy. [COVERT], [EMOTIONAL], [STATE], [SUBJECTIVE]
Modern Chinese Criteria
佩服 向慕 refers to loving devoted admiration. 敬佩 欽佩 贊佩 佩 嘆服 推服 傾 傾倒 心折 心醉 refers to enchanted admiration. 肅然起敬 心悅誠服 五體投地 敬仰 欽仰 景仰 宗仰 仰慕 企慕 敬慕 景慕 慕名 仰 心儀 想望 向往 first rough draft to identify synonym group members for future analysis, based on CL. 18.11.2003. CH/
Hyponym
  • RESPECT　ADMIRE as NOBLE AND SERVE POLITELY. (anc: 9/0, child: 3)
Antonym
  • DESPISEFEEL that a THING OR a HUMAN is UNIMPORTANT AND BAD AND DESERVES NO RESPECT
  • ENVYSOCIAL EMOTION: HATE someone BECAUSE one LACKS something GOOD which that OTHER PERSON HAS.
  • JEALOUSENVY ANOTHER PERSON for a RELATION of FRIENDSHIP OR LOVE IN-RELATION-TO an OTHER:third PERSON.
    Hypernym
    • APPRECIATE　BELIEVE INTENSELY that something is EXCELLENT, GOOD AND IMPORTANT.  (anc: 7/0, child: 2)
    • BELIEVE　ATTITUDE IN-RELATION-TO a THINK:thought to the effect that this THOUGHT is TRUE. (anc: 6/0, child: 15)
    • ATTITUDE　RELATION between a HUMAN who FEELS and PERCEIVED OBJECTS involving a TENDENDY to REACT. (anc: 5/0, child: 3)
    Other Hypernyms
    • DELIGHT　INTENSELY GOOD FEELING IN-RELATION-TO something NOW.*The joy of the enjoyer X over something enjoyed Y. (anc: 12/0, child: 10)
    • FEELING　NATURAL REACTION IN one's MIND. (anc: 11/0, child: 17)
    • REACT　CHANGE one's THINKING OR ACTING BECAUSE one is PERCEIVING something. (anc: 10/0, child: 5)
  • Novyj objasnitel'nyj Slovar' Sinonimov Russkogo Jazyka ( APRESJAN 2004) p. 145

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    ADMIRE

    vereri refers to respect bordering on fear and bashfulness.

    revereri refers to fear and bashfulness as arising from respoect.

    venerari refers to demonstrative reverence whown towards gods and sacred things, mostly or typically in gestures.

    observare refers to demonstrative reverence towards men.

    colere refers to demonstrative reverence towards gods or men as manifested in action.

    adorare is the most general expression for any sort of worship.

    LW

    intueor, intueri, intuitus sum V 2 1 DEP [XXXAX]

    look at; consider, regard; admire; stare;

    ammiror, ammirari, ammiratus sum V 1 1 DEP [XXXBO]

    admire, respect; regard with wonder, wonder at; be surprised at, be astonished;

    admiror, admirari, admiratus sum V 1 1 DEP [XXXBO]

    admire, respect; regard with wonder, wonder at; be surprised at, be astonished;

    suspicio, suspicere, suspexi, suspectus V 3 1 [XXXBX]

    look up to; admire;

    miror, mirari, miratus sum V 1 1 DEP [XXXCX]

    be amazed at; admire; wonder; marvel at; look on with admiration;

    adamo, adamare, adamavi, adamatus V 1 1 TRANS [XXXBO]

    fall in love/lust with; love passionately/adulterously; admire greatly; covet;

    *

  • Tolkovo-kombinatornyj slovar' sovremmenogo russkogo jazyka. Explanatory Combinatorial Dictionary of Modern Russian ( Mel'cuk 1984) p. 214ff

    voschishchat'

    voskhishtshenie

  • Dictionnaire explicatif et combinatoire du francais contemporain, vol. I ( Mel'cuk I) p. 54

    ADMIRATION

    Admiration by the admirer X of the admired person Y for an admired characteristic Z

    Emotional attitude of X, which is favourable to Y, this attitude being caused by the following fact: X believes that the actions, the state, or the characteristics of Z of Y are absolutely extraordinary; this atitude being one that one would normally have under such circumstances.

  • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 22

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 4.221

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 10.116

    STAUNEN; BEWUNDERUNG; VERWUNDERUNG

  • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 233

    尚，上

    1. The explanation in WL that 尚 is mostly abstract while 上 tends to be concrete and spatial is misleading as it stands. Sha4ng 上 is very often used in transferred abstract senses. The point is that sha4ng 尚 tends to be verbal and never has a purely spatial meaning at all.

  • Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary ( TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996) p. 337

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 50A

    • Words (29 items)

    慕  mù OC: maaɡs MC: muo̝ 20 Attributions

    The standard general word for admiration is mù 慕 (ant. bǐ 鄙 "hold in low esteem"), and this word often connotes emulation. [ASCENDING], [EMOTIONAL], [OBJ=HU], [STATE], [SUBJECTIVE]

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNbe full of admiration for (an ideal, a value, a thing); sometimes also: strive towards as one's main ambition; yearn for
    美  měi OC: mriʔ MC: mi 20 Attributions

    Měi 美 (ant. è 惡 "find despicable an dislikable") refers to an intense expressly subjective aesthetic or moral appreciation for something as admirable. [COVERT], [STATE], [SUBJECTIVE]

      Word relations
    • Synon: 愛/LOVE The clearly dominant word referring to love is ài 愛 (ant. hèn 恨 "dislike"; rarely zēng 憎 "dislike"; and wù 惡 "hate"), and this word refers both to the feelings of love and to the expression of love in loving care for another person as well as in sexual relations. (Occasionally, the word may refer to the emotional preference that a small child feels for its parents. For this meaning see PREFER.)
    • Synon: 歡 / 歡 / 驩/HAPPY Huān 歡 (ant. bēi 悲 "sadness" and chóu 愁 "worried sadness") refers to sociable temporary high spirits and happiness, not only visible to many but normally shared by a group.

      Syntactic words
    • vadNadmirableCH
    • vt+prep+Nadmire more than NCH
    • vtoNpassivebe admired as beautiful
    • vtoNputativeadmire the beauty of; admire the moral qualities of; regard as beautiful, regard as wonderful
    • vtoNputative.reflex.自admire (oneself) as beautiful
    尚  shàng OC: djaŋs MC: dʑi̯ɐŋ 14 Attributions

    Shàng 尚(ant. qīng 輕 "have no special respect for") refers to giving high practical priority to something or someone out of a sense of admiration or appreciation.

      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)admire the contextually determinate N
    • vtoNgive high priority to; prize highly; give highest priority to; admire more than other things; show admiration for
    • vtoNmiddle voicebe esteemed; enjoy high status
    高  gāo OC: koow MC: kɑu 11 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNputativeregard highly; give high priority to; esteem;
    多  duō OC: k-laal MC: tɑ 10 Attributions

    Duō 多 (ant. shǎo 少 "feel no respect for") refers to an objective assessment of something as worthy of admiration. [COVERT], [OBJECTIVE], [RATIONAL], [STATE]

      Word relations
    • Ant: 少/DESPISE
    • Ant: 非/CRITICISE The current general term for criticism is fēi 非 (ant. shì 是 "approve of").

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNpassivebe regarded as important; be thought highly of
    • vtoNpsychhave high (self-)esteem; be too full of oneself
    • vtoNputativethink highly of, regard as important, have an inflated opinion of
    • vtoSappreciate that S
    望  wàng OC: maŋs MC: mi̯ɐŋ
    望  (wáng) OC: maŋ MC: mi̯ɐŋ 9 Attributions

    Wàng 望 refers to an intense distant admiration of some heroic or in any way especially elevated figure. [ACTIVITY], [ASCENDING], [HIGH-DEGREE], [OBJ=HU], [RATIONAL], [SUBJECTIVE]

      Syntactic words
    • nobjectobject of admiration 民之望也 "the object of the people's admiration" ZUO
    • vt+prep+Nbe full of admiration for N
    • vtoNadmire from a distance; look up to admiringly from a distance; look up to and place one's hopes in
    上  shàng OC: ɡljaŋʔ MC: dʑi̯ɐŋ 5 Attributions

    Shàng 上 (ant. xià 下 "despise, have no special respect for") refer to giving high practical priority to something out of a sense of admiration or appreciation. [ASCENDING], [OBJ=NON-HU], [OBJECTIVE], [OVERT], [PUBLIC]

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNputativeREGARD AS ELEVATED loan for shàng 尚> put high or highest in one's intellectual hierarchy, exalt, value highly
    睎  xī OC: qhlɯl MC: hɨi 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNadmire and emulate
    仰  yǎng OC: ŋaŋʔ MC: ŋi̯ɐŋ 3 Attributions

    Yǎng 仰 (ant.* yì 易 "have no special respect for") refers to a distant veneration of some heroic or in any way especially elevated figure. [ACTIVITY], [ASCENDING], [HIGH-DEGREE], [OBJ=HU], [RATIONAL], [SUBJECTIVE]

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNlook up towards and admire
    觀  guān OC: koon MC: kʷɑn 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNbehold, regard with respect
    • vtoNpassivebe observed with respect, be admiredLZ
    右  yòu OC: ɢʷɯʔ MC: ɦɨu 2 Attributions

    Yòu 右 (ant. qīng 輕 "have no special respect for") refer to giving high practical priority to something or someone out of a sense of admiration or appreciation. [ACTIVITY], [ASCENDING], [OVERT], [PUBLIC]

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNputativeconsider as superior; esteem and appreciate
    瞻  zhān OC: kljam MC: tɕiɛm 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNfigurativelook upwards towards in admiration
    駭服  hài fú MC: heajX bjuwk OC: ɡrɯɯʔ bɯɡ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe overwhelmed by admiration and respectDS
    偉  wěi OC: ɢulʔ MC: ɦɨi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNputativeHANSHU, Dongfang Shuo zhuan: admire as outstanding
    服媚  fú mèi OC: bɯɡ mrils MC: buk mi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNbe full of admiration
    好  hào MC: xawH OC: qhuus 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNbe full of admiration forCH
    服  fú MC: bjuwk OC: bɯɡ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNadmireCH
    欽  qīn OC: khrɯm MC: khim 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNSHU: be full of admiration for, be devoted to
    仰止  yǎng zhǐ MC: ngjangX tsyiX OC: ŋaŋʔ kljɯʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNpreposed objectbe full of admiring interest forCH
    以為  yǐ wéi OC: k-lɯʔ ɢʷal MC: jɨ ɦiɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNesteem highly????
    器重  qì zhòng OC: khrɯds doŋʔ MC: khi ɖi̯oŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNadmire; value highly; regard as important
    視  shì OC: ɡljils MC: dʑi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNadmire
    許  xǔ OC: hŋaʔ MC: hi̯ɤ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoN(of superiors, vis-a-vis inferiors) be full of admiration for
    歎賞  tàn shǎng OC: mqhlaans lʰaŋʔ MC: thɑn ɕi̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt(oN)admire a contextually determinate person
    可憐  kě lián OC: khlaalʔ riin MC: khɑ len 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadNlovely, admirable, likeable
    • VPican be sympathized with > be lovely, admirable, likeable
    重望  zhòng wàng OC: doŋʔ maŋs MC: ɖi̯oŋ mi̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNpassivebe admired; enjoy a high reputation
    佩  pèi OC: bɯɯs MC: buo̝i 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNSUWEN 9: admire, be full of admiration for
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNadmireCH
    可憐許  kě lián xǔ OC: khlaalʔ riin hŋaʔ MC: khɑ len hi̯ɤ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiadmirable, lovely