THING    東西

CONCRETE OBJECT.
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current standard word for any physical or non-physical object or creature is wù 物. 2. Shì 事 refers to a things as a subject matter, or as an event. 3. Shí 實 is a philosophical concept referring to any object or reality of any kind.
Modern Chinese Criteria
事物 物 東西 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • CAUSE　SITUATION OR THING which CAUSES something TO HAPPEN OR to be TRUE. (anc: 4/0, child: 3)
  • EARTH　INTENSELY LARGE THING on the SURFACE of which HUMANS AND ANIMALS LIVE. (anc: 4/0, child: 0)
  • EXAMPLE　THING which HAS the COMMON FEATURES of a certain CATEGORY. (anc: 4/0, child: 1)
  • PROPERTY　THINGS one POSSESSES. (anc: 4/0, child: 4)
  • STAR　VISIBLE THING IN the NIGHT SKY LACKING CLOUDS. (anc: 4/0, child: 5)
  • SUBSTANCE　THING NOT SEPARATED into SEPARATE PARTS. (anc: 4/0, child: 28)
  • ARTEFACT　THING PRODUCED by MAN. (anc: 4/0, child: 26)
  • GIFT　GOOD THING which one GIVES to someone. (anc: 4/0, child: 3)
  • CREATURE　LIVING THING. (anc: 4/0, child: 3)
  • ATOM　THING that is conceived of as no longer divisible into smaller things. (anc: 4/0, child: 0)
See also
  • CONCRETEOBJECT OR FEATURE which HUMANS CAN PERCEIVE USING THEIR ORGANS of PERCEIVE:perception. 
Hypernym
  • OBJECT　[NO HYPERNYM.] WHAT one CAN NAME:refer to. (anc: 2/0, child: 6)
  • PRIME　 (anc: 1/0, child: 2)
  • 　 (anc: 0/0, child: 0)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 9.90

  • Vocabulaire européen des philosophies. Dictionnaire des intraduisibles ( CASSIN 2004) p. 1076

    RES

  • Table de definitions, pp. 437- ( LEIBNIZ 1704) p. 437

    Ens, Res quod distincte concipi potest.

    Existens quod distincte percipi potest.

  • Woerterbuch der Philosophie. Neue Beitraege zu einer Kritik der Sprache ( MAUTHNER WP 1924) p. 547

  • Woerterbuch der Philosophie. Neue Beitraege zu einer Kritik der Sprache ( MAUTHNER WP 1924) p. I.295

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 2.249

    DING

  • Key Concepts in Chinese Philosophy ( ZHANG DAINIAN 2002) p. 65

  • Quiddities. An Intermittently Philosophical Dictionary ( QUINE 1987) p. 204

    • Words (31 items)

    物  wù OC: mɯd MC: mi̯ut 67 AttributionsWD

    The current standard word for any physical or non-physical object or creature is wù 物.　GUODIAN 158 凡見者謂之物

      Word relations
    • Ant: 無 / 毋 / 亡 / 无/LACK The general term for the lack or the failure to have something is wú 無 (ant. yǒu 有 "have").
    • Contrast: 貨/PROPERTY Huò 貨 refers to property, particularly precious metals or jade etc, insofar as these may be traded or is considered as being a possible object for trading.
    • Assoc: 萬/ALL
    • Oppos: 身/PERSON Shēn 身 regularly refers to the embodied person, as something to be cultivated, and as something to be morally careful about, but the word is originally widely used to refer to the physical body as such being at times hard to distinguish from the figurative use discussed in this group. The word is very often reflexive.

      Syntactic words
    • nkind of thing; kind of object
    • nab(abstract) matter or event or state of affairs
    • nab.post-V{NUM}(countable) abstract items
    • nababstract matters mentionedabstract matter mentioned earlier in the textCH
    • nabfeature(non-specific reference 泛指) any thing, object, matter or event or state of affairs 天下重物也
    • nabmathematical termCHEMLA 2003:
    • nccspecimens of these three types
    • nderivedmaterial resourcesLZ
    • ngeneralisedthingsCH
    • nplural; derogatorymere (outside) thingsCH
    • npost-Vthing characterised by the feature VDS
    • npronpro=objsomethingDS
    • n{PRED}be a thingCH
    • vihave the properties of a thing
    • vtoNattitudinaltreat as a thing
    • vtoNattitudinal, passivebe treated as thing
    事  shì OC: dzrɯs MC: ɖʐɨ 36 AttributionsWD

    hì 事 refers to a things as a subject matter, or as an event.

      Syntactic words
    • nmatter of any kindCH
    • nabbuddhistBUDDH: phenomenon (pertaining to the relative truth as opposed to lǐ 理 which points to underlying true nature of things)
    • nabmetaphysicalaffairs; matter, thing; subject matter (of a painting) 不然之事
    • nab{PRED}.post-Vbe an V matterCH
    色  sè OC: sqrɯɡ MC: ʂɨk 9 AttributionsWD

      Word relations
    • Oppos: 空/EMPTY Kōng 空 (ant. mǎn 滿 "filled up") generally refers to literal emptiness of a container, but used adjectivally the word also has abstract uses as in kōng yán 空言 "empty words, abstract insubstantial discourse".

      Syntactic words
    • nZhuangzi, but later mostly BUDDH: form, matter, physical objects (the object which is perceived); SANSKRIT rūpa
    • nadNbuddhistBUDDH: made of form, with the charactersitics of form
    無情  wú qíng OC: ma dzeŋ MC: mi̯o dziɛŋ 9 AttributionsWD

    • The Semantics of Qíng 情 in Chan Buddhist Chinese Love and Emotions in Traditional Chinese Literature ( ANDERL 2004A) p.

      Syntactic words
    • NP[adN]BUDDH: those which do not have emotions/mental activity > non-sentient objects (this usually also includes plants)
    • VPiBUDDH: have the existence of an non-animated thing; be an object; exist as object
    故  gù OC: kaas MC: kuo̝ 8 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • nab.post-Nsubject matter constituted by N; affairs regarding N; business regarding N
    • nabpluralmatters, eventsCH
    • nabproblemthings to do; affairs 周室多故 "the house of Zhou has many problematic affairs". (GUOYU)
    聲色  shēng sè OC: qjeŋ sqrɯɡ MC: ɕiɛŋ ʂɨk 6 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • NPab{N1&N2}nonreferentialthe world of (beautiful) sounds/music and colourful things
    • NPsongs and womensongs and women
    用  yòng OC: k-loŋs MC: ji̯oŋ 5 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • nnecessary goods, needed materials, needs, resources; necessary expenses
    物事  wù shì OC: mɯd dzrɯs MC: mi̯ut ɖʐɨ 4 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • NPnonreferentialmatter of any kind
    實  shí OC: ɢljiɡ MC: ʑit 4 AttributionsWD

    Shí 實 is a philosophical concept referring to any object or reality of any kind.

      Syntactic words
    • nreal object; real result, concrete result
    者  zhě MC: tsyaeX OC: kljaʔ 3 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • npro{PRED}.post-Vbe the thing that V-sCH
    • npro.post-Vthe thing(s) that VCH
    • npro.post-V{NUM}item, thing CH
    大小  dà xiǎo OC: daads smewʔ MC: dɑi siɛu 3 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • NP{N1&N2}subject=plurallarge and small things
    生  shēng OC: sraaŋ MC: ʂɣaŋ 2 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • nliving creatures; livestock
    彫琢  diāo zhuó MC: tew traewk OC: tɯɯw rtooɡ 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • NPthings decorated by carvingsLZ
    處  chù OC: qhljas MC: tɕhi̯ɤ 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • nabmetaphysicalBUDDH: ("place in the universe">) item in the universe; sphere of items
    本分事  běn fèn shì OC: pɯɯnʔ bɯns dzrɯs MC: puo̝n bi̯un ɖʐɨ 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • NPabbuddhistthe matter of one's originally alloted fate / one's alloted occupation (> one's destination in life) Green 1998: "fact of my nature" (?)Muller (DDB) on 本分 : "Original participation in Buddhahood. The aspect of the human being as being originally endowed with the Buddha-nature. " See: http://www.buddhism-dict.net/cgi-bin/xpr-ddb.pl?67.xml+id('b672c-5206')
    外物  wài wù MC: ngwajH mjut OC: ŋoods mɯd 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • NPexternal thingsCH
    百用  bǎi yòng MC: paek yowngH OC: praaɡ k-loŋs 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • NPall kinds of necessary thingsLZ
    物用  wù yòng MC: mjut yowngH OC: mɯd k-loŋs 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • NPnecessary and/or useful thingsLZ
    器  qì 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • nnonreferentialgeneral: concrete things/matters 形而上謂之器CH
    器物  qì wù MC: khijH mjut OC: khrɯds mɯd 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • NPpluralobjects; things; artefacts DS
    物類  wù lèi OC: mɯd ruds MC: mi̯ut li 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • NPpluralthings; creatures
    有情无情  yǒu qíng wú qíng OC: ɢʷɯʔ dzeŋ ma dzeŋ MC: ɦɨu dziɛŋ mi̯o dziɛŋ 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • NPpluralanimate and inanimate things
    何物  hé wù OC: ɡlaal mɯd MC: ɦɑ mi̯ut 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • NPChristian Ungrammatical Outlandish Chinese: something
    有形之類  yǒu xíng zhī lèi OC: ɢʷɯʔ ɡeeŋ kljɯ ruds MC: ɦɨu ɦeŋ tɕɨ li 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • NPphysical thing; creature with a physical body
    百物  bǎi wù OC: praaɡ mɯd MC: pɣɛk mi̯ut 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • NPdefiniteall kinds of things
    具  jù OC: ɡos MC: gi̯o 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • nentity, object
    品  pǐn OC: phrɯmʔ MC: phim 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • ncountedOBI: sacrificial item
    • nmkinds of products
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • NPexternal thingsCH
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • NPexternal thingsCH
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • npro.post-V{NUM}item, thing CH
    萬物  wàn wù OC: mblans mɯd MC: mi̯ɐn mi̯ut 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words