FAIL    失敗失

TRY to ACHIEVE something BUT NOT SUCCEED.
BE UNSUCCESSFULNOT SUCCEEDFALL THROUGHFALL FLATCOLLAPSEFOUNDERBACKFIREMEET WITH DISASTERCOME TO NOTHINGCOME TO NAUGHTINFORMAL FLOPBOMB
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general word for failure is shī 失 (ant. dé 得 "get somewhere"). 2. Qióng 窮 (ant. dá 達 "successful") refers to getting into an impasse, a situation from which there is no way out, or being hopelessly unsuccessful with what one is trying to do. 3. Bài 敗 (ant. chéng 成 "achieve one's purpose") construes failure as a defeat in some personal or social undertaking or campaign. 4. Bēng 崩 construes a failure as a momentous disaster. 5. Fù 負 refers specifically to a defeat versus a victory.
Modern Chinese Criteria
失敗 不成功 羶衄湛傖 祥摯跡 虧負 落空 衰退 links failure to decline. 垮 挫折 失利 失效 is to fail so as to lose effectiveness. 不遂 refers to something coming to nothing in the end. 多 磕碰兒 戰敗 失敗 打敗 敗衄 敗陣 敗北 反北 敗績 失利 潰敗 潰退 敗 負 輸 北 慘敗 大敗 一敗如水 一敗塗地 大敗虧輸 損兵折將 棄甲曳兵 丟盔棄甲 人仰馬翻 頭破血流 潰不成軍 轍亂旗靡 望風披靡 落花流水 兵敗如山倒 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • IN VAIN　FAILING to ACHIEVE any AIMS. (anc: 14/0, child: 0)
Antonym
  • ACHIEVECOMPLETE a DIFFICULT ACT.
  • DEFEATWIN against someone USING VIOLENCE AND DESTRUCTION, OFTEN USING MILITARY FORCE.
  • SUCCEEDACHIEVE an IMPORTANT AIM with DIFFICULTY.
  • WINSUCCEED IN FIGHT OR COMPETITION.
Hypernym
  • TRY　ACT, BUT DOUBT WHETHER one WILL be SUCCESSFUL ACTING. (anc: 12/0, child: 9)
  • ACT　MOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision. (anc: 11/0, child: 24)
  • MOVE　CHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION. (anc: 10/0, child: 21)
  • Novyj objasnitel'nyj Slovar' Sinonimov Russkogo Jazyka ( APRESJAN 2004) p. 603

  • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 176

  • Tolkovo-kombinatornyj slovar' sovremmenogo russkogo jazyka. Explanatory Combinatorial Dictionary of Modern Russian ( Mel'cuk 1984) p. 634

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 204

  • A New Dictionary of Classical Greek Synonyms ( T.W.HARBSMEIER 2004) p. no.62

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 60B

    • Words (18 items)

    失  shī OC: lʰiɡ MC: ɕit 31 Attributions

    The current general word for failure is shī 失 (ant. dé 得 "get somewhere").

      Syntactic words
    • nabeventfailure; real loss
    • vichangeget things wrong that one is trying to get right; miss one's target; go astray
    • vt+V[0]fail to (continue to or get to) V
    • vt[oN]processget things wrong.CH
    • vtoNmiss out on N; fail to get N; get (something) wrong; fail in the matter of N; fall foul of; remain ignorant of
    • vtoNfail to become an NCH
    • vtoNmiddle voicebe wrong; be completely astrayDS
    窮  qióng OC: ɡʷɯŋ MC: guŋ 17 Attributions

    Qióng 窮 (ant. dá 達 "successful") refers to getting into an impasse, a situation from which there is no way out, or being hopelessly unsuccessful with what one is trying to do.

      Syntactic words
    • nabeventfailure
    • vadNprone to failure, unsuccessful
    • viprocessfail to win through; fail to achieve one's end
    • vistatebe unsuccessfulLZ
    敗  bài OC: braads MC: bɣɛi 16 Attributions

    Bài 敗 (ant. chéng 成 "achieve one's purpose") construes failure as a defeat in some personal or social undertaking or campaign.

      Syntactic words
    • nabeventfailure
    • vadNfaling, unsuccessfulCH
    • vieventfail; come to fail in one's undertakings
    • visubject=vehiclebreak down (vehicle etc)CH
    • vtoNcausativecause (one's own army) to fail; cause the failure of (a plan or a strategy)
    • vtoNpassivebe made to fail, be ruined, be brought to a bad endCH
    不能  bù néng OC: pɯʔ nɯɯŋ MC: pi̯ut nəŋ 12 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt(+V[0])fail to (do a contextually determinate thing)
    • VPt+V[0]fail to VDS
    匱  guì OC: ɡruds MC: gi 8 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vifail, suffer failures; be a failure; fail to do what one should do
    • vtoNfail when it comes to, fail to do one's duty with respect to
    無功  wú gōng OC: ma kooŋ MC: mi̯o kuŋ 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VP[adN]N=actfailure to perform meritorious actCH
    • VPiactfail in one's undertaking; be unsuccessful
    乏  fá OC: bob MC: bi̯ɐp 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viactfail to deliver what is expected
    • vtoNfail in, be wanting when it comes to; fail to do one's duty with respect to
    • vtoNcausativecause N to fail to do what he sets out to doCH
    負  fù OC: bɯʔ MC: bɨu 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabeventdefeat
    • v[adN]nonreferentialperson who fails; loser
    • vieventlose
    不遇  bù yù OC: pɯʔ ŋos MC: pi̯ut ŋi̯o 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPab{vt{NEG}+V(.adN)}processlack of good fortune
    遂  suì MC: zwijH OC: sɢluds 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • viperfective= zhui4 墜, failLZ
    無所  wú suǒ OC: ma sqraʔ MC: mi̯o ʂi̯ɤ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPifail to achieve one's aims
    霣  yǔn OC: ɢunʔ MC: ɦin 1 Attribution

    fail in one's duty

      Syntactic words
    • viactfail; be remiss
    不得  bù dé MC: pjut tok OC: pɯʔ tɯɯɡ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe bound to failure; be unsuccessful DS
    廢  fèi OC: pods MC: pi̯ɐi 1 Attribution

      Word relations
    • Ant: 成/SUCCEED
    • Ant: 盛/FLOURISH The current general word for flourishing or thriving of any kind, abstract or concrete is shèng 盛 (ant. shuāi 衰 "decline").
    • Ant: 成/SUCCEED
    • Contrast: 衰/DECLINE
    • Synon: 失/FAIL The current general word for failure is shī 失 (ant. dé 得 "get somewhere").
    • Synon: 敗/FAIL Bài 敗 (ant. chéng 成 "achieve one's purpose") construes failure as a defeat in some personal or social undertaking or campaign.

      Syntactic words
    • vt+V[0]fail to (do what one is expected to do)VK
    不得問  bù dé wèn MC: pjut tok mjunH OC: pɯʔ tɯɯɡ mɯns 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPifail to get an answer to one's question(s)CH
    病  bìng MC: bjaengH OC: bɢraŋs 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNabhave serious trouble with NPab-ingCH
    崩  bēng OC: pɯɯŋ MC: pəŋ 0 Attributions

    Bēng 崩 construes a failure as a momentous disaster.

      Syntactic words
    • vichangecollapse > be toppled, fail politically
    仆廢  pū, bó fèi OC: bɯɯɡ pods MC: bək pi̯ɐi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiresultativestumble and fail