GIFT    禮物

GOOD THING which one GIVES to someone.
PRESENTHANDOUTDONATIONOFFERINGBESTOWALBONUSAWARDENDOWMENTTIPGRATUITYLARGESSEINFORMAL FREEBIEPERKFORMAL BENEFACTION
Old Chinese Criteria
NB: all the words below are derived from semantically corresponding verbs for to give and could be subsumed under these: 1. The general current word for any generous gift is cì 賜, and the general completely neutral term for a gift is wèi 遺. 2. Huì 賄 and lù 賂 are words for "gift" which is often given with an ulterior purpose, and the word regularly comes to mean "bribe", especially in the current binome huì lù 賄賂 "bribe". 3. Kuì 饋 refers to a ritual gift. 4. Xiàn 獻 is occasionally used for a gift to superiors.
Modern Chinese Criteria
禮品 禮物 禮 厚禮 贈品 贈禮 人情 人事 (dial) gift. 賜 first rough draft to identify synonym group members for future analysis, based on CL. 18.11.2003. CH
Hyponym
  • BRIBE　NOT LEGITIMATE GIFT so as to INFLUENCE the DECISIONS of an OFFICIAL OR POWERFUL HUMAN. (anc: 5/0, child: 0)
  • CHARITY　PRIVATE GENEROUS GIFTS INTENDED to PROFIT the PEOPLE. (anc: 5/0, child: 0)
  • ALMS　GENEROUS SPONTANEOUS GIFT TO THE POOR. (anc: 5/0, child: 0)
Hypernym
  • THING　CONCRETE OBJECT. (anc: 3/0, child: 10)
  • OBJECT　[NO HYPERNYM.] WHAT one CAN NAME:refer to. (anc: 2/0, child: 6)
  • PRIME　 (anc: 1/0, child: 2)
  • Novyj objasnitel'nyj Slovar' Sinonimov Russkogo Jazyka ( APRESJAN 2004) p. 774

  • De differentiis ( DIFFERENTIAE I) p. 162

    MUNUS, DONUM

    360. Inter Munus et donum. Munus est debitum, [col. 47B] ut [ Al., in] patrono; donum, honorarium est. Item donum dantis est, munus accipientis. Dictum autem donum a dando, munus a muniendo, vel a monendo.

  • Cornu Copiae seu Linguae Latinae Commentarii ( PEROTTI 1480) p.

    DONUM and MUNUS distinction discussed in detail.

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 2.173:119

    DON.PRESENT

  • Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ( PILLON 1850) p. no.194

  • New Dictiornary of the History of Ideas, 6 vols. ( HOROWITZ 2005) p.

    • Words (22 items)

    賜  cì OC: sleeɡs MC: siɛ 16 Attributions

    The general current word for any generous gift is cì 賜, and the general completely neutral term for a gift is wèi 遺.

      Syntactic words
    • nmobjectwhat is given to inferiors, gifts; benefits accruing to inferiors < 所 Vt
    賂  lù OC: ɡ-raaɡs MC: luo̝ 10 Attributions

    Huì 賄 and lù 賂 are words for "gift" which is often given with an ulterior purpose, and the word regularly comes to mean "bribe", especially in the current binome huì lù 賄賂 "bribe".

      Syntactic words
    • nm(sometimes compensatory, or promised) gift
    賄  huì OC: qhʷɯɯʔ MC: huo̝i 7 Attributions

    Huì 賄 and lù 賂 are words for "gift" which is often given with an ulterior purpose, and the word regularly comes to mean "bribe", especially in the current binome huì lù 賄賂 "bribe".

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 賂/BRIBE Lù 賂 standardly refers to substantial active bribery of any kind, including the offer of singing girls, music masters, and quite frequently territory as well as imortant ritual objects like tripods and bells, but also in this case the word is used for presents one cannot plausibly construe as straightforward bribes. See GIFT and GIVE.
    • Assoc: 贈/GIFT

      Syntactic words
    • nmgift
    贄  zhì OC: tjibs MC: tɕi 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nceremonial gift
    • npost-NN=objgift for NDS
    貽  yí OC: lɯ MC: jɨ
    詒  yí OC: lɯ MC: jɨ 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • ngift; present
    遺  wèi OC: k-luds MC: ji 3 Attributions

    The general current word for any generous gift is cì 賜, and the general completely neutral term for a gift is wèi 遺.

      Syntactic words
    • ngift
    貢  gòng OC: kooŋs MC: kuŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • npolite gift
    貺  kuàng OC: qhʷaŋs MC: hi̯ɐŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nobjectgift
    賻  fù OC: baɡs MC: bi̯o 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • ngift of money and goods to defray expenses with funeral
    聘  pìn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vt+prep+Noffer a polite/ritual present toCH
    襚  suì OC: sɢluds MC: zi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nfuneral gifts of clothes; give as funeral gift
    資  zī OC: sti MC: tsi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • ngift, small bribe
    贈  zèng OC: dzɯɯŋs MC: dzəŋ 1 Attribution

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 賄/GIFT Huì 賄 and lù 賂 are words for "gift" which is often given with an ulterior purpose, and the word regularly comes to mean "bribe", especially in the current binome huì lù 賄賂 "bribe".

      Syntactic words
    • nobjectgift
    饋  kuì OC: ɡruds MC: gi
    餽  kuì OC: ɡruls MC: gi 1 Attribution

    Kuì 饋 refers to a ritual gift.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 賂/GIFT Huì 賄 and lù 賂 are words for "gift" which is often given with an ulterior purpose, and the word regularly comes to mean "bribe", especially in the current binome huì lù 賄賂 "bribe".

      Syntactic words
    • ngift
    禽犢  qín dú OC: ɡrɯm ɡ-looɡ MC: gim duk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPnonreferentialvarious presents (typically of wild animals or young calves) designed to further one's career
    含  hán OC: ɡlɯɯm MC: ɦəm 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabactfuneral presentation of cowrie shells and jade
    • vt(oN)make ritual gifts of cowrie shells and jade to a contextually determinate receiver
    奉  fèng OC: boŋʔ MC: bi̯oŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nwhat is handed one politely
    幣  bì MC: -- OC: beds 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nm(wedding etc) giftCH
    烝  zhēng OC: kjɯŋ MC: tɕɨŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoN(sacrifice>) general: give as a present
    獻  xiàn OC: hŋans MC: hi̯ɐn 1 Attribution

    Xiàn 獻 is occasionally used for a gift to superiors.

      Syntactic words
    • ngift to superiors, offering
    禮  lǐ OC: riiʔ MC: lei 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • npresent
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nm(wedding etc) giftCH