ENDURE    受得了堪

SUFFER DISTRESS AND NOT OPPOSE it.
UNDERGOGO THROUGHLIVE THROUGHEXPERIENCEMEETENCOUNTERCOPE WITHDEAL WITHFACESUFFERTOLERATEPUT UP WITHBRAVEBEARWITHSTANDSUSTAINWEATHER
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The general word is kān 堪 which refers to the ability to sustain negative experiences as well as to undertake demanding and/or dangerous tasks, and the word is especially frequent in negated form 不堪 "cannot endure; cannot manage to". 2. Rěn 忍 refers to any callous ability to bear with something that is objectionable without interfering to stop it. 3. Zhī 支 is occasionally used in the sense of "endure" and emphasises the strength needed to live with what one bears with. 4. Rén 任 is not limited to putting up with undesirable conditions, it focusses on the the general ability to live gracefully burdens one is having to bear. 5. Néng 能 is occasionally used as an ordinary transitive verb meaning "be able to put up with (climatic conditions and the like)".
Modern Chinese Criteria
忍耐 忍 耐 忍受 容忍 隱忍 飲恨 (lit) refers to enduring something and then nursing an unarticulated grievance about it. 飲恨吞聲 忍氣吞聲 唾面自乾 (prov) refers vividly to suffering insult without showing any hostile reaction. 逆來順受 (prov) refers to suffering an insult without showing any hostile reaction. rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • TOLERANCE　ENDURE OTHERS' ACTS BECAUSE OTHERS HAVE a RIGHT OR a NATURAL TENDENCY to ACT:perform them. (anc: 12/0, child: 0)
Antonym
  • AVOIDACT so as to CAUSE ONESELF NOT to ENCOUNTER OR SUFFER something.
See also
  • ENDURINGBIG in respect of the PERIOD something EXISTS, HAPPENS, OR is being ACTED:done.
  • PERSISTCONTINUE to EXIST.
Hypernym
  • SUFFER　EXPERIENCE something BAD FOR ONESELF. (anc: 10/0, child: 2)
  • EXPERIENCE　PERCEPTION of certain SITUATIONS, OR of one's SELF>OWN ACTING CONFORMING to a METHOD in certain SITUATIONS. (anc: 9/0, child: 2)
  • PERCEIVE　BECOME AWARE of BECAUSE one INTERACTS WITH. (anc: 8/0, child: 7)
  • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 86

  • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 976

    能，耐

    • Words (13 items)

    忍  rěn OC: njinʔ MC: ȵin 72 Attributions

    Rěn 忍 refers to any callous ability to bear with something that is objectionable without interfering to stop it.

      Syntactic words
    • nabpsychthe virtue of endurance
    • vt(+V[0])be able to bear the contextually determinate situation V
    • vt(oN)endure the contextually determinate act or situation
    • vt+prep+Nbe unable to bear N
    • vt+V[0]bear to V, endure V-ing
    • vt[oN]be patient; be able to put up with things
    • vt[oN]psychbe able to bear injustice
    • vtoNcausativecause to become callous
    • vtoNcausativecause (oneself) to endure> steel oneself
    • vtoNN=misfortune of othersbe able to tolerate; be willing to bear with; be able to bear withCH
    • vtoNN=own sufferingbe able to endure or sustain (pain, adversity, unpleasant things or people); put up with 
    • vtoNPab{S}e.g. 不忍其然 "could not bear tht this was so": bear with the fact, that
    • vtoNpassivebe borne with; be tolerated
    • vtoV[0]V=passivebe able to bear being V-edCH
    • vtt(+V[0])+NN=timebear a contextually determinate situation for N timeDS
    堪  kān OC: khluum MC: khəm 27 Attributions

    The general word is kān 堪 which refers to the ability to sustain negative experiences as well as to undertake demanding and/or dangerous tasks, and the word is especially frequent in negated form 不堪"cannot endure; cannot manage to".

      Word relations
    • Synon: 任/ENDURE Rén 任 is not limited to putting up with undesirable conditions, it focusses on the the general ability to live gracefully burdens one is having to bear.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNbe able to sustain (hardship and trouble); endure bear with, put up with
    無不  wú bù OC: ma pɯʔ MC: mi̯o pi̯ut 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVin every way; at all times
    支  zhī OC: kje MC: tɕiɛ 4 Attributions

    Zhī 支 is occasionally used in the sense of "endure" and emphasises the strength needed to live with what one bears with.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNbe able to bear with, be able to stand; be able to put up effective resistence
    • vtoNpassivebe enduredCH
    能  néng OC: nɯɯŋ MC: nəŋ 2 Attributions

    Néng 能 is occasionally used as an ordinary transitive verb meaning "be able to put up with (climatic conditions and the like)".

      Syntactic words
    • vt+V[0]be willing to V, accept V-ingLZ
    • vtoNbe able to tolerate, be able to sustain, be able to live in SUWEN能冬不能夏; HANSHU 中國之人不能其水土也
    任  rén OC: njɯm MC: ȵim 1 Attribution

    Rén 任 is not limited to putting up with undesirable conditions, it focusses on the the general ability to live gracefully burdens one is having to bear.

      Word relations
    • Synon: 堪/ENDURE The general word is kān 堪 which refers to the ability to sustain negative experiences as well as to undertake demanding and/or dangerous tasks, and the word is especially frequent in negated form 不堪"cannot endure; cannot manage to".

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNhave the heart to live with, be able to bear ZUO Cheng 3.4 臣不任受怨，君亦不任受德。
    可  kě OC: khlaalʔ MC: khɑ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNendure, bear with; brook
    • vtoNpassivebe borne with, be put up withCH
    • vtoVcan bear to VCH
    忍受  rěn shòu OC: njinʔ djuʔ MC: ȵin dʑɨu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPt(oN)endure the contextually determinate N
    耐  nài OC: nɯɯs MC: nəi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNpost-Han: be able to put up with
    飲  yǐn OC: qrɯmʔ MC: ʔim 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNput up with without reacting as one naturally might, "swallow back"
    受  shòu OC: djuʔ MC: dʑɨu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNLate: bear with, put up with
    含  hán OC: ɡlɯɯm MC: ɦəm 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNsustain, endure
    不終  bù zhōng OC: pɯʔ tjuŋ MC: pi̯ut tɕuŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVnot ending > without end, infinitely, eternally, endlessly