ACHIEVE    成事成

COMPLETE a DIFFICULT ACT.
ATTAINREACHARRIVE ATREALIZEBRING ABOUTPULL OFFACCOMPLISHCARRY OFFCARRY OUTCARRY THROUGHFULFILLEXECUTECOMPLETEFINISHCONSUMMATEEARNWINGAINACQUIREOBTAINSCORECOME BYGETSECURECLINCHEFFECTUATE
Old Chinese Criteria
[EASY/DIFFICULT] [EXPECTED/UNEXPECTED] [GENERAL/SPECIFIC] [IMPORTANT/UNIMPORTANT] [LARGE-SCALE/SMALL-SCALE] [MEDIOCRE/ STANDARD/PERFECT] [NOUN/VERB] [TRANSIENT/LASTING] 1. The current general word for successful action on one's own behalf or on someone else's behalf is chéng 成 (ant. bài 敗 "fail to achieve; botch up"). [GENERAL], [LARGE-SCALE]; [VERB] 2 The current general word for successfully completed action on one's own behalf or in one's own interest is dé 得 "manage to" (ant. shī 失 "fail in, get wrong" and ant.* bù néng 不能 "not manage to"). [DIFFICULT], [SELFISH], [STANDARD]; [VERB] 3. Zhì 至 refers to successful action on one's own behalf on a very high level. [DIFFICULT], [PERFECT], [SELFISH]; [VERB] 4. Zhì 致 refers specifically to remarkable successful action, typically on others' behalf. [ALTRUISTIC], [DIFFICULT]; [VERB] 5. Lì 立 refers to successful action resulting in a lasting objective result of one's efforts. [ALTRUISTIC], [LARGE-SCALE]; [VERB] 6. Suì 遂 refers to eventual successful completion of something one has planned. [EXPECTED]; [VERB] 7. Gōng 功 refers to the achievement of something regarded as important to others. See MERIT. [ALTRUISTIC], [IMPORTANT]; [NOUN] 8. Gōng jì 功跡 refers to achievements as leaving a lasting trace on the future.
Modern Chinese Criteria
完成 做到 成事 有成 成 遂 得逞 得計 馬到成功 水到渠成 開物成務 達到 達成 達 臻 上 齊 及 落到 落得 first rough draft to identify synonym group members for future analysis, based on CL. 18.11.2003. CH/
Hyponym
  • COPE　ACHIEVE a DIFFICULT WORK:task. (anc: 15/0, child: 0)
  • MERIT　GOOD PUBLIC ACHIEVEMENTS. (anc: 15/0, child: 0)
  • SUCCEED　ACHIEVE an IMPORTANT AIM with DIFFICULTY. (anc: 15/0, child: 1)
Antonym
  • FAILTRY to ACHIEVE something BUT NOT SUCCEED.
    See also
    Hypernym
    • COMPLETE　ACT out OR PRODUCE something so as to CAUSE it to BECOME WHOLE. (anc: 13/0, child: 1)
    • PRODUCE　ACT so as to DELIBERATELY CAUSE something to BEGIN to EXIST. (anc: 12/0, child: 17)
    • ACT　MOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision. (anc: 11/0, child: 24)
  • Tolkovo-kombinatornyj slovar' sovremmenogo russkogo jazyka. Explanatory Combinatorial Dictionary of Modern Russian ( Mel'cuk 1984) p. 668

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.122.88

    ACHEVER.FINIR.TERMINER

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 57B

    • Words (26 items)

    得  dé OC: tɯɯɡ MC: tək 145 Attributions

    The current general word for successfully completed action on one's own behalf or in one's own interest is dé 得 "manage to" (ant. shī 失 "fail in, get wrong" and ant.* bù néng 不能 "not manage to"). [DIFFICULT], [SELFISH], [STANDARD]; [VERB]

      Word relations
    • Ant: 失/LOSE The dominant general word for to lose is shī 失 (ant. dé 得 "get") which refers to any disappearance of something which belonged to one in any sense, but the emphasis tends to be on the loss being the result of a mistake rather than mere insouciance.
    • Object: 道/WAY Dào 道, when used in its concrete meaning referring to a means of communication tends to refer to a larger line of communication, and the traditional claim is that the term refers to a road where two vehicles can pass each other. Thus the First Emperor called his Autobahns chí dào 馳道 and not chí lù 馳路.
    • Oppos: 逢/SUFFER

      Syntactic words
    • nabactattainment; achievement; successful undertakings; successes
    • vpostadVperfectivedeverbal perfective suffix
    • vt(+V[0])manage to do the contextually determinate thing
    • vt(oN)achieve the contextually determiante NCH
    • vt+prep+Nabattain to Nab
    • vt+V1.postadV2resultativemarker of a resultative complement: V1 to the extent of V2
    • vt+V[0]manage to; get to perform an act, get to; have had a chance to
    • vt+V[0]middle voicebe achieved, get done
    • vt+V[0]perfectivehave a chance to; be able to, manage to
    • vt+V[0]{PASS}manage (not to be) V-ed
    • vt[oN]obtain [one's ends]> succeed, achieve one's aims; win success
    • vtoNrealise fully (one's person) 得身
    • vtoNto achieveLZ
    • vtoNab{S}achieve the result that S
    • vtoNpassivebe achieved, be done successfully; be got right
    • vtoSpassivebe achieved (that S occures)
    • vttoN1.+N2achieve N1 for N2CH
    成  chéng OC: djeŋ MC: dʑiɛŋ 69 Attributions

    The current general word for successful action on one's own behalf or on someone else's behalf is chéng 成 (ant. bài 敗 "fail to achieve; botch up"). [GENERAL], [LARGE-SCALE]; [VERB]

      Word relations
    • Result: 為/WORK
    • Result: 學/STUDY The dominant word is xué 學 (ant. jiào 教 "train teach")which refers primarily to studying or training under another person, and secondarily to the learning by heart texts. Very often, the word retains a tinge of immitation.
    • Ant: 敗/DESTROY Bài 敗 and zéi 賊 are currently used for the destruction of abstract things such as dé 德 "virtue".
    • Ant: 虧/REDUCE Kuī 虧 (ant. yíng 盈 "cause to become more plentiful") refers to impairing typically abstract or at least subtle thing.
    • Object: 功/MERIT The current general word for achievements of any kind is gōng 功.
    • Contrast: 定/FIX The current general word for fixing something in any objective and interpersonal way, concrete or abstract is dìng 定.
    • Contrast: 立/ACHIEVE Lì 立 refers to successful action resulting in a lasting objective result of one's efforts. [ALTRUISTIC], [LARGE-SCALE]; [VERB]
    • Assoc: 就/COMPLETE Jiù 就 refers to completing a process of production of something.
    • Relat: 謀/PLAN The current general word for a planning process involving consultation among several people, and taking into account all aspects of a long term strategy for an individual or a state is móu 謀.
    • Oppos: 始/BEGIN The general word for something occurring for the crucial and influential first time or initiating anything, in particular any development, is shǐ 始 (ant. zhōng 終"bring to an end; come to an end" and chéng 成 "bring to a successful end, complete").

      Syntactic words
    • nabactwhat is achieved; achievements
    • vadNaccomplished, perfect
    • vt(oN)achieve the contextually determinate aim
    • vt+V[0]succeed in becoming (hegemon)
    • vtoNto achieve, to form (an alliance)
    • vtoNmanage to produce adequate N; manage to achieve good NCH
    • vtoNmiddle voicehave come to completion, have been brought to completion
    • vtoNpassive難成"hard to be achieved": get to be brought to conclusion; be brought to completion; be fully achieved
    功  gōng OC: kooŋ MC: kuŋ 68 Attributions

    Gōng 功 refers to the achievement of something regarded as important to others. See MERIT. [ALTRUISTIC], [IMPORTANT]; [NOUN]

      Word relations
    • Ant: 戾/CRIME
    • Contrast: 事/WORK Shì 事 (ant. xián 閒 "be at leisure") refers primarily to an official or regular working effort made on behalf of and in the service of an employer or a ruler.
    • Contrast: 力/ABLE Lì 力 "strength" is sometimes used to refer to an ability to do someting which in some sense requires strength.
    • Assoc: 效/ACHIEVE
    • Assoc: 效/ACHIEVE
    • Oppos: 言/PROMISE Yán 言 refers to a typically somewhat formal speech act by which a person commits himself to a future action. Compare 言而有信 "keep faith when one has promised something".

      Syntactic words
    • nab.adVas far as achievements are considered, in the domain of meritorious achievementsLZ
    • nab[.post-N]pluralone's own meritorious achievementsCH
    • nabactmeritorious deeds; objective effects achieved, achievements; meritorious results; work results
    • vito bring achievementsLZ
    • vtoNpassiveto be completed, to be brought to fruitionTWH
    • vtoNperfectiveto complete, to bring to fruition
    致  zhì OC: k-liɡs MC: ʈi 36 Attributions

    Zhì 致 refers specifically to remarkable successful action, typically on others' behalf. [ALTRUISTIC], [DIFFICULT]; [VERB]

      Word relations
    • Ant: 除/AVOID Chú 除 refers to the avoidance or removal of something that is perceived as posing a powerful threat. See REMOVE [CAUSATIVE], [DELIBERATE]; [[DERIVED]]
    • Object: 法/LAW The current general word for a law, a legal system or any legal provision of any kind is fǎ 法.
    • Contrast: 得/OBTAIN The current general and highly abstract verb for obtaining any form of possession of anything abstract or concrete is dé 得 (ant. shī 失 "lose inadvertently").
    • Synon: 取/OBTAIN Obtaining something through effort and often with an element of choice involved is qǔ 取 (ant. qì 棄 "choose to reject").

      Syntactic words
    • vt+V[0]get to the stage of V-ing
    • vt[0]oN.postadVto the point of
    • vtoNachieve the full degree of
    • vtoNabachieve, manage to bring into existence, lead to; insist on bring to completion, bring to fruition; make the utmost use of
    • vtoNpassivebe achieved 可致
    效  xiào OC: ɡreews MC: ɦɣɛu 23 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 功/ACHIEVE Gōng 功 refers to the achievement of something regarded as important to others. See MERIT. [ALTRUISTIC], [IMPORTANT]; [NOUN]
    • Assoc: 功/ACHIEVE Gōng 功 refers to the achievement of something regarded as important to others. See MERIT. [ALTRUISTIC], [IMPORTANT]; [NOUN]

      Syntactic words
    • nabactachievements; results achieved; effects
    • vibe efficientCH
    • vtoNachieve (public and visible success) in the service of someone or something; realise; put into practice through commendable effort in some service
    至  zhì OC: kljiɡs MC: tɕi 17 Attributions

    Zhì 至 refers to successful action on one's own behalf on a very high level. [DIFFICULT], [PERFECT], [SELFISH]; [VERB]

      Syntactic words
    • nabstativelevel of attainment
    • vt+prep+Nab{ACT}get to the point of V-ing
    • vt+prep+Nfigurativeabstractly: advance to the position of; attain to
    • vt+prep+Smanage to bring it about that S
    • vt+V[0]go so far as to V; get as far as to V; achieve, get to the point of V-ing (doing something one is aiming for)
    • vtoNachieve (an aim, a desirable state)
    遂  suì OC: sɢluds MC: zi 17 Attributions

    Suì 遂refers to eventual successful completion of something one has planned. [EXPECTED]; [VERB]

      Word relations
    • Synon: 成/COMPLETE The standard word for bringing anything to a successful conclusion is chéng 成.

      Syntactic words
    • nabactsuccess
    • vadNachieved, finished properly
    • vibe fully accomplished; have fully realised one's purposeCH
    • vt[oN]achieve [one's aims]> thrive
    • vtoNgo through with something, bring something to completion; bring something to perfection; succeed; accomplish; achieve in the end, achieve eventually; realise
    • vtoNpassivebe achieved; be accomplished 可遂
    及  jí OC: ɡrɯb MC: gip 17 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt+V[0]get to the point of
    • vtoNget (something) sorted out, sort out; be of (what) avail
    • vtpostadVsuccessfullyCH
    立  lì OC: ɡ-rub MC: lip 15 Attributions

    Lì 立 refers to successful action resulting in a lasting objective result of one's efforts. [ALTRUISTIC], [LARGE-SCALE]; [VERB]

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 成/ACHIEVE The current general word for successful action on one's own behalf or on someone else's behalf is chéng 成 (ant. bài 敗 "fail to achieve; botch up"). [GENERAL], [LARGE-SCALE]; [VERB]

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNto achieve
    • vtoNmiddle voiceto be achieved, to get achieved
    為  wéi OC: ɢʷal MC: ɦiɛ 9 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabactachievement
    • vtoNpassivebe achieved, get accomplishedLZ
    • vtoNperfectiveget done, achieve; be good for
    有功  yǒu gōng OC: ɢʷɯʔ kooŋ MC: ɦɨu kuŋ 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NP[adN]person of substantial meritorious achievements BHT also has the explicit 有功者, but in subject position.
    • NPabactachievements to someone's credit
    • VPihave achievements to one's creditCH
    定  dìng OC: deeŋs MC: deŋ 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNpoetic, archaic: achieve, complete (task etc)
    得以  dé yǐ MC: tok yiX OC: tɯɯɡ -- 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt+V[0]manage thereby toCH
    得失  dé shī OC: tɯɯɡ lʰiɡ MC: tək ɕit 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabrelativerelative achievement; ratio of gain versus loss
    成就  chéng jiù OC: djeŋ dzuɡs MC: dʑiɛŋ dzɨu 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactachievements
    • VPipassivebe completed and achieved; be brought to fruition
    功績  gōng jī OC: kooŋ skleeɡ MC: kuŋ tsek 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactmajor achievements
    能  néng OC: nɯɯŋ MC: nəŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vt+V(0)passivebe achieved LY
    功跡  gōng jì, jī OC: kooŋ sklaɡ MC: kuŋ tsiɛk 1 Attribution

    Gōng jì 功跡 refers to achievements as leaving a lasting trace on the future.

      Syntactic words
    • NPab{N1&N2}nonreferentialachievements of all kinds
    近  jìn MC: gj+nX OC: ɡɯnʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNapproximatecome close to achieving, come close to realisingCH
    取  qǔ OC: skhoʔ MC: tshi̯o 1 Attribution
    • Studies in the Language of Zǔtáng jí 祖堂集 ( ANDERL 2004B) p. 257-258

      Main verbs appearing with 取 often express mental processes (especially 'to realize; get to know', e.g. 會，覺，識，了，驗，體，記，看) and speech acts (e.g. 道，說，問). Other verbs include 擬 'to imitate', 行 'to practice', 覓 'to search for', 揀 'to choose', 試 'to try', 移 'to move'.

      The meaning as complement is probably connected to the meaning as main verb 'to grasp' and by extension 'to perform an action fully'. Many verbs qu3 appears together with can be interpreted as process verbs, e.g. describing a mental process. Qu3 indicates that the process should be completed so that a desired result can be achieved. It is no coincidence that qu3 often appears in sentences including modal verbs indicating obligation, and other modal markers such as sentence final 去.

      I think that qu3 does not primarily indicate a result but a 'desired result' and as such differs from suffix 卻.

    • 敦煌變文中的助詞系統 Dūnhuáng biànwén zhōng de zhùcí xìtǒng [The System of Auxiliary Words in the Dunhuang Transformation Texts] 語言研究 Yuyan yanjiu ( LI QUAN 1992) p. 45

      In Bianwen postverbal qu3 has two main functions. One function is marking completion or a resultative state. All in all there are ca. 20 examples of this kind in Bianwen, e.g.

      大夫若要商量取，一依處分不諍（爭）論。。。 (BIANWEN: 61);

      玉女盡皆覺悟取，嬋媚各要出塵埃。(BIANWEN: 626);

      汝須努力莫為難，造取些些好果盤，待到眾僧解懮日，羅漢騰空盡喜歡。(BIANWEN: 708);

      今此覓取一員政官。(BIANWEN: 212);

      佛教如是觀虛幻，弁取前生識取因，莫在有為心有相。(BIANWEN: 444).

      The examples are cited in Li Quan 1992: 44. Li Quan thinks that the degree of grammaticalization of qu3 is not as high as the one of que4 卻 and the meaning as main verb is still present. However, early in the evolution of function words it is not uncommon that the original meaning as main verb has not completely faded. Viewed from this angle qu3 can be regarded as function word. Another function of qu3 in Bianwen is the indication of continuous aspect, qu3 取 (V.COMP.CONT). Quan Li counts ca. 14 examples of this function, e.g.:

      我兒不宜住此方，將取金瓶歸下界。(Bianwen: 113);

      說法頭頭蒙告喻，。。。今於末代流傳取。(Bianwen: 525);

      記取今朝相動語，這身看即是無常。(Bianwen: 557).

      Syntactic words
    • vpostadVverbal suffix
    有為  yǒu wéi OC: ɢʷɯʔ ɢʷal MC: ɦɨu ɦiɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe successful, get things done as one tries to
    終  zhōng OC: tjuŋ MC: tɕuŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNachieve completely; achieve completely the service of; achieve completely the service to
    武功  wǔ gōng OC: mbaʔ kooŋ MC: mi̯o kuŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactmilitary achievements; military merits
    功勛  gōng xūn OC: kooŋ qhun MC: kuŋ hi̯un 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactachievement; merits
    功業  gōng yè OC: kooŋ ŋab MC: kuŋ ŋi̯ɐp 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactmertiful acts > achievements
    畢  bì OC: pid MC: pit 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words