LEAVE    離開去

MOVE so as to CEASE to BE-IN a PLACE.
DEPART FROMGO AWAY FROMGO FROMWITHDRAW FROMRETIRE FROMTAKE ONESELF OFF FROMEXIT FROMTAKE ONE'S LEAVE OFPULL OUT OFBE GONE FROMDECAMP FROMDISAPPEAR FROMVACATEABSENT ONESELF FROMSAY ONE'S FAREWELLS/GOODBYES TOQUITINFORMAL PUSH OFF FROMSHOVE OFF FROMCLEAR OUT/OFF OFCUT AND RUN FROMSPLITVAMOOSE FROMSCOOT FROM
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The general word for leaving one place for another is qù 去 (ant. liú 留 "remain"). 2. Chū 出 (ant. rù 入 "remain inside") refers to the leaving of an enclosed space. 3. Wǎng 往 (ant.* jū 居 "stay at home") focusses not only on the leaving but especially on the direction a person takes after leaving. 4. Lí 離 focusses on the distance established by leaving between a person and the place which he leaves.
Modern Chinese Criteria
離開 撤離 背離 開走 去 走 起開 滾蛋 滾開 滾 奪門而出 揚長而去 別去 (lit/archaic) refers to a person walking away.
Hyponym
  • FLEE　LEAVE QUICKLY AND SECRETLY, FEARING DANGER. (anc: 12/0, child: 0)
  • WITHDRAW　LEAVE so as to MOVE BACKWARDS. (anc: 12/0, child: 1)
  • EXILE　LEAVE the STATE or CAUSE TO LEAVE the STATE. (anc: 12/0, child: 0)
Antonym
  • APPROACHWALK so as to BECOME NEAR to something.
  • ARRIVEREACH a PLACE one was INTENDING to GO-TO. [NB: THE DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN ARRIVE AND REACH ARE NOT PROPERLY IMPLEMENTED IN THE ATTRIBUTIONS. CHECK THESE!]
  • ENTERMOVE so as to BEGIN to BE-IN.
  • COMEARRIVE at the PLACE NEAR the SPEAKER OR NEAR to a HUMAN whom the SPEAKER is MAINLY THINKING of.
Hypernym
  • MOVE　CHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION. (anc: 10/0, child: 21)
  • CHANGE　EVENT involving two MOMENTS t1 and t2, such that a THING at the MOMENT t1 is DIFFERENT FROM that THING at the MOMENT t2. (anc: 9/0, child: 18)
  • EVENT　REALITY that ARISES in TIME. (anc: 8/0, child: 4)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 10.49

  • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 15

  • “孟子”同義詞研究 ( MENGZI TONGYI 2002) p. 287

  • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 295

    往，去

    1. WL fails to note the crucial link constituted by LEAVE, the difference being that wa3ng 往 is "to leave for, set out for", whereas qu4 去 is "to leave, go away".

  • 中國文化背景八千詞 Zhongguo wenhua beijing ba qian ci ( WU SANXING 2008) p. 243ff

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 131B

    ABREISE

    • Words (45 items)

    去  qù OC: khas MC: khi̯ɤ 112 Attributions

    The general word for leaving one place for another is qù 去 (ant. liú 留"remain").

      Word relations
    • Ant: 之/GO TO Zhī 之 is to go to a place, typically taking the most direct route, by any conveyance as a result of a decision and typically with the purpose of staying there for a while or conducting some business.
    • Ant: 來/RETURN
    • Ant: 就/APPROACH Jí 即 and jiù 就 (all ant. lí 離 "leave, move away from") refer neutrally to moving close to a certain place. [GENERAL]
    • Ant: 留/REMAIN Liú 留 (ant. lí 離 "get away from a place") refers to immobility in one place after one has already spent some time there.
    • Ant: 走/RUN The current general word for running is zǒu 走 (ant. bù 步 "go along without running").
    • Ant: 存/PERSIST The current general word for the persistence of something is cún 存(ant. wáng 亡 "cease to exist").

      Syntactic words
    • nabactleaving
    • vi.redintensitive(frequently) leave
    • vpostadVdirectiondirectional complement (usually with verbs of movement or change) (indicating a movement away from the speaker (Note that V can be complex and contain not only an object but also further complements in LMC)
    • vpostadVdirectiondirectional complement with verbs of movement or change (with abstract location) (Note that V can be complex and contain not only an object but also further complements in LMC)
    • vt(oN)leave (the contextually defined place)
    • vt(oN)N=personleave the contextually determinate personCH
    • vt[oN]leave, go away; leave the scene
    • vt[oN]conativetry to escape; try to leave the sceneDS
    • vt[oN]figurativego away
    • vt[oN]imperativeunmarked imperative: leave! go away!
    • vtoNdepart from (somewhere), leave (something or somebody); run away from
    • vtoNderivedcease to be inCH
    • vtoNfigurativeleave the close association with, discontinue close relations with
    出  chū OC: khljud MC: tɕhʷit 81 Attributions

    Chū 出 (ant. rù 入"remain inside") refers to the leaving of an enclosed space.

      Word relations
    • Object: 境 / 竟/BOUNDARY Jìng 境 is the technical general term for a border or borderline between states. [LINE], [SPECIFIC]

      Syntactic words
    • vadNabsent abroad???
    • vpostadVN=abstractverbal complement (with abstract nouns)
    • vt(oN)leave the contextually determinate place
    • vt+prep+NN=locationleave (a place) 出於
    • vt+prep+Nobject=openingleave through, come out of (the door)
    • vt[oN.]-V[0]to go out in order to V
    • vt[oN]depart, leave the place where one happens to be (to leave the room, leave the house; leave the capital); come out; set out on an expedition
    • vt[oN]imperativecome out! go out!
    • vt[oN]militarygo out on a military campaign
    • vt[oN]processcome out (from the mouth etc) see ISSUE
    • vtoNleave
    • vtoNcausativecause to come out
    • vtoNfigurativego beyond
    • vtoNobject=openingleave through (the gate) 出門
    • vtoNpermissiveallow to leave
    • vtpostadVcomplement with verbs other than verbs of movements (V out)
    • vtpostadVdirectiondirection verbal complement: V towards the outside; V out
    行  xíng OC: ɢraaŋ MC: ɦɣaŋ 42 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabactdepartureLZ
    • vt[0][oN]imperativego away!
    • vt[oN]get on one's way; go one's way; walk off; leave the scene; be on one's way
    離  lí OC: b-rel MC: liɛ 21 Attributions

    Lí 離 focusses on the distance established by leaving between a person and the place which he leaves.

      Syntactic words
    • vadNpost-Han: having left
    • vt(oN)leave the contextually determinate NCH
    • vt+prep+Nfigurativebecome separated from, become distanced from, dissociate oneself from, transcend
    • vt[oN]take leave for a short time and/or a short journey; generally: leave (one's ruler's state)
    • vtoNleave from; leave; go away from; leave behind
    • vtoN.adVfigurativeusage simalar to a coverb: separately from, apart from
    • vtoNcausativemake (oneself) leave
    • vtoNfigurativedistance oneself fromCH
    • vtoNmiddle voicecausative: be made to be separated fromCH
    • vtoNstativebe separable from
    往  wǎng OC: ɢʷaŋʔ MC: ɦi̯ɐŋ 13 Attributions

    Wǎng 往 (ant.* jū 居 "stay at home") focusses not only on the leaving but especially on the direction a person takes after leaving.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 返 / 反/RETURN Fǎn 反/返 (ant. wǎng 往 "set out for") is to get back to where one came from, and the focus is on whereto one returns. 及反 is "when he had got back", 未反 is "before he had god back". 反哭 is wailing upon one's return, not while returning.

      Syntactic words
    • vt[0][oN]imperative[you] should leave [this place]; go away!
    • vt[oN]go one's way; go away, leave; get out; go out; set out for campaigns
    • vt[oN]imperativeGo away! Be on your way! Buzz off!CH
    退  tuì OC: thuubs MC: thuo̝i 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viactleave the scene
    • vtoNleave the place N
    辭去  cí qù OC: zɯ khas MC: zɨ khi̯ɤ 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiacttake leave
    走出  zǒu chū OC: tsooʔ khljud MC: tsu tɕhʷit 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt[oN]resultativerun out (resultative compound???)
    • VPtoNresultativerun so as to leave; run out through (a door etc)
    亡  wáng OC: maŋ MC: mi̯ɐŋ 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt[oN]go away; to leave
    • vtoNdisappear from a place, leave a place
    辭  cí OC: zɯ MC: zɨ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt[oN]say farewell, take leave; depart
    • vtoNsay farewell to
    • vtoNfigurativeleave (a bird leaving a twig etc)
    亡去  wáng qù OC: maŋ khas MC: mi̯ɐŋ khi̯ɤ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiresultativedisappear so as to leave> go away
    發  fā OC: pod MC: pi̯ɐt 3 Attributions
    • 唐五代語言詞典 Táng Wǔdài yǔyán cídiǎn A Dictionary of the Language of the Tang and Five Dynasties Periods ( JIANG/CAO 1997) p. 112, #1

      glossed as 出發，往到

      Examples in BIANWEN

      Syntactic words
    • vt+prep+Nemerge fromCH
    • vt[oN]depart, set out on a journey
    別離  bié lí OC: bred b-rel MC: biɛt liɛ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactleaving; parting
    • VPt[oN]leave, go away; go from one another
    走  zǒu 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)run away from the contextually determinate placeTW
    • vt(oN)generalised, not on footleave the contextually determinate place NCH
    趨  qū MC: tshju OC: tsho 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)race away from the place NCH
    辟  bì OC: peɡ MC: piɛk
    避  bì OC: beɡs MC: biɛ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNrun away from
    出來  chū lái OC: khljud m-rɯɯ MC: tɕhʷit ləi 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactcome out
    • VPiactcome out!
    出在  chū zài OC: khljud sɡɯɯʔ MC: tɕhʷit dzəi 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNhave left the country on a mission to NCH
    • VPtoNresultativeleave for the place N
    別  bié OC: bred MC: biɛt 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt1post.vt2oNtake leave (for some time) from (with preceding coverb)
    • vtoNN=placedepart from a place N
    去之  qù zhī OC: khaʔ kljɯ MC: khi̯ɤ tɕɨ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNresultativeleave for a place, leave so as to go to a place [This will not in the end turn out as a resultative compound, but it is useful to consider it together with the resultative compounds in discussion.]
    遷逝  qiān shì OC: snʰiin ɡljeds MC: tshen dʑiɛi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNobject=goalleave for (the place N)
    驅  qū OC: kho MC: khi̯o 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • viactdash off; rush off; leave in a hurry
    去行  qù xíng OC: khaʔ ɢraaŋ MC: khi̯ɤ ɦɣaŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactleave and be on one's way> leave
    出去  chū qù OC: khljud khas MC: tɕhʷit khi̯ɤ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPt(oN)leave the contextually determinate place
    逃出  táo chū OC: ɡ-laaw khljud MC: dɑu tɕhʷit 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPt+prep+Nresultativeget away and out through
    逃去  táo qù OC: ɡ-laaw khas MC: dɑu khi̯ɤ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPt[oN]left by fleeing
    別去  bié qù OC: bred khas MC: biɛt khi̯ɤ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactleave
    仳  pǐ OC: pheʔ MC: phiɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNpassivebe seperated; be rejected
    僑  qiáo OC: ɡrew MC: giɛu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vadNitinerant
    • vilive abroad, be away from home
    免  miǎn OC: mronʔ MC: miɛn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vt+prep+Nget away from, leave
    辭歸  cí guī OC: zɯ klul MC: zɨ kɨi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactleave so as to return home
    棄  qì 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNlet go of; leave aloneTW
    辭行  cí xíng xìng MC: zi haeng OC: zɯ ɢraaŋs 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPisay goodbye and leaveDS
    去亡  qù wáng OC: khas maŋ MC: khi̯ɤ mi̯ɐŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadNresultativeleave and thus disappear
    出行  chū xíng OC: khljud ɢraaŋ MC: tɕhʷit ɦɣaŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactgo out; leave the house
    去別  qù bié OC: khas bred MC: khi̯ɤ biɛt 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNdeparture, act of leaving
    出適  chū shì OC: khljud qljeɡ MC: tɕhʷit ɕiɛk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNresultativeleave for the place N
    謝  xiè OC:  MC: zɣɛ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNleave
    起  qǐ OC: khɯʔ MC: khɨ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viactleave (for), set out
    遠  yuǎn OC: ɢʷanʔ MC: ɦi̯ɐn 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNgo far away
    離別  lí bié OC: b-rel bred MC: liɛ biɛt 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPadNof parting
    分  fēn OC: pɯn MC: pi̯un 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNleave (a community etc)
    死別  sǐ bié OC: pliʔ pred MC: si piɛt 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabacta farewell for the rest of one's life
    • VPiactleave each other never to meet again until death
    相隔  xiāng gé OC: sqaŋ kreeɡ MC: si̯ɐŋ kɣɛk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNallow oneself to be separated from (with a subject!)
    分道  fēn dào OC: pɯn ɡ-luuʔ MC: pi̯un dɑu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactgo each on one's way, go one's separate ways; leave one another