SOLDIER    士兵卒

ADULT who is a MEMBER of an ARMY.
FIGHTERTROOPERSERVICEMANSERVICEWOMANWARRIORGIPEACEKEEPER
Old Chinese Criteria
1. There is no current general word for a soldier of any rank, and the collective term for soldiers is jūn 軍 "army". See ARMY 2. Zú 卒 and the archaic tú 徒 refer to an ordinary infantry soldier, and these footsoldiers never ride chariots. 3. Jiǎ 甲 refers to armoured soldiers riding in carriages. 4. Jì 騎 refers to cavalry (Han dynasty). 5. Nǔ 弩 refers to crossbowmen. 6. Yì 役 refers to a conscript soldier. 7. Xiǎo rén 小人 (jūn zǐ 君子 "soldier of a higher grade") refers generically to the lower grades in the army. 8. Shì 士 refers to officers riding chariots in battle. NB: Bīng 兵 "soldier" may turn out to be post-Han. I have not yet found a clear example where the word refers to a soldier.
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006 WARFARE 6. 兵，士兵的通稱。 士，泛指一般的士兵，有表敬意味。 勇，地方招募的士兵。 丁，泛指士兵，與 “ 兵 ” 等連用。
Modern Chinese Criteria
士兵 兵士 戰士 士卒 兵卒 兵丁 兵勇 兵員 小兵 戰鬥員 大兵 老總 丘八 兵 卒 士 軍士 步兵 陸軍 徒兵 騎兵 輕騎 梟騎 鐵騎 驍騎 水兵 水師 水虎 水軍 舟師 refers generally to the navy. 海軍 親兵 (lit) refers to a traditional bodygard. rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • OFFICER　LEADING SOLDIER in an ARMY. (anc: 9/0, child: 1)
See also
  • RIDETRAVEL SITTING ON an ANIMAL.
Hypernym
  • ADULT　HUMAN who is SUFFICIENTLY OLD to ESTABLISH his/her SEPARATE HOME. (anc: 7/0, child: 20)
  • HUMAN　ANIMAL which HAS TWO LEGS AND LACKS FEATHERS. (anc: 6/0, child: 31)
  • ANIMAL　CREATURE ABLE to FEEL AND MOVE. (anc: 5/0, child: 12)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 20.17

  • Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Darstellungen ( FINSTERBUSCH 1966) p. 200

    Armbrustschuetze:

  • Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Darstellungen ( FINSTERBUSCH 1966) p. 233

    Reiter

  • Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Darstellungen ( FINSTERBUSCH 2000) p. 792

    Reiter:

  • Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Darstellungen ( FINSTERBUSCH 2000) p. 826

    Waffe(n):

  • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

    MILES/MILITIA

  • 論衡同義詞研究 ( LUNHENG TONGYI 2004) p. 74

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 4.848

  • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 90

    1. There is at least one sound example of bi1ng 兵 referring to soldiers: ZUO 徒兵千 "one thousand footsoldiers", contrary what WL claims.

  • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 36

    • Words (52 items)

    卒  zú OC: skuud MC: tsuot 17 Attributions

    Zú 卒 and the archaic tú 徒 refer to an ordinary infantry soldier, and these footsoldiers never ride chariots.

      Word relations
    • Object: 起/MOBILISE The current general term for raising an army was qǐ 起. The army may be of any size, and the person raising the army may or may not be raising the army in an official capacity.
    • Epithet: 步/WALK Bù 步 (ant. zǒu 走 "run fast") refers to dignified slow pacing along.
    • Assoc: 士/SOLDIER Shì 士 refers to officers riding chariots in battle.

      Syntactic words
    • n[post-N]one's soldierDS
    • nccagenttroops; foot-soldier, ordinary infantry soldier 一卒
    • nfigurativesoldiers in the army of hell, short for 獄卒
    士  shì OC: dzrɯʔ MC: ɖʐɨ 16 Attributions

    Shì 士 refers to officers riding chariots in battle.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 卒/SOLDIER Zú 卒 and the archaic tú 徒 refer to an ordinary infantry soldier, and these footsoldiers never ride chariots.

      Syntactic words
    • nccofficer on a war chariot who is protected by shield and helmet
    • npost-None's officersCH
    甲  jiǎ OC: kraab MC: kɣap 16 Attributions

    Jiǎ 甲 refers to armoured soldiers riding in carriages.

      Syntactic words
    • n[adN]N=humZUO Xuan 2: armoured soldier; heavily armed soldier
    士卒  shì zú OC: dzrɯʔ skuud MC: ɖʐɨ tsuot 10 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPpluralofficers and men
    左右  zuǒ yòu OC: skaalʔ ɢʷɯʔ MC: tsɑ ɦɨu 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPpluralattendant officers on the left and right
    軍  jūn OC: kun MC: ki̯un 5 Attributions

    There is no current general word for a soldier of any rank, and the collective term for soldiers is jūn 軍 "army". See ARMY

      Syntactic words
    • npluralsoldiers; detachment of soldiers forming a "wing" or formal part of an army 右軍3
    兵  bīng OC: praŋ MC: pɣaŋ 5 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Epithet: 銳/EXCELLENT Jīng 精 (of general application) (ant. cū 粗 "of only rough quality") and ruì 銳(typically applied to military prowess) (ant. dùn 鈍 "of lesser quality") refer to above-average performance without suggestion individual excellence.

      Syntactic words
    • nsoldier, a body of soldiers
    衛  wèi OC: ɢods MC: ɦiɛi 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nccsubjectguard
    戰士  zhàn shì OC: tjans dzrɯʔ MC: tɕiɛn ɖʐɨ 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPsoldier
    役  yì OC: ɢʷleɡ MC: jiɛk 4 Attributions

    Yì 役 refers to a conscript soldier.

      Syntactic words
    • nconscript soldier
    • viactserve as conscript labour force; serve as conscript soldiers
    徒  tú OC: daa MC: duo̝ 4 Attributions

    Zú 卒 and the archaic tú 徒 refer to an ordinary infantry soldier, and these footsoldiers never ride chariots.

      Syntactic words
    • nagentSHI: infantry soldier; soldier
    • vtoNform footmen to
    遽  jù OC: ɡlas MC: gi̯ɤ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nfast rider on a post horse
    獄卒  yù zú OC: ŋoɡ skud MC: ŋi̯ok tsʷit 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPguard of hell
    武夫  wǔ fū OC: mbaʔ pa MC: mi̯o pi̯o 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPpluralwarriors, gallant soldiers
    戍  shù OC: qhjos MC: ɕi̯o 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nborder guards; a border garrson; garrison soldiers
    • viactserve as a garrison soldier
    私卒  sī zú OC: sil skuud MC: si tsuot 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPmfamily armed forces
    爪牙  zhǎo yá MC: tsraewX ngae OC: -- ŋɡraa 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPelite soldierLZ
    乘  shèng OC: ɢjɯŋs MC: ʑɨŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • npluralchariot-borne soldiers/officers
    虎賁  hǔ bēn OC: qhlaaʔ pɯɯn MC: huo̝ puo̝n
    虎奔  hǔ bēn OC: qhlaaʔ pɯɯn MC: huo̝ puo̝n 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPWatson: "tiger-fleet warriors", elite forces
    勇  yǒng OC: k-loŋʔ MC: ji̯oŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • v[adN]pluraleuphemistic word for soldiers
    兵眾  bīng zhòng OC: praŋ tjuŋs MC: pɣaŋ tɕuŋ 2 Attributions

    army, large group (mass) of soldiers

      Syntactic words
    • NPmcolloquialmass of soldiers, troops
    和  hé OC: ɡool MC: ɦʷɑ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • narmed guard
    劍客  jiàn kè OC: kloms khraaɡ MC: ki̯ɐm khɣɛk 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPswordsman
    伏甲  fú jiǎ MC: bjuwk kaep OC: bɯɡ kraab 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPhidden heavy armoured soldiersDS
    諜  dié OC: leeb MC: dep 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nlightly armed soldier
    領  lǐng OC: ɡ-reŋʔ MC: liɛŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • ncpost-V{NUM}.post-Nclassifierclassifier for soliders
    軍人  jūn rén OC: kun njin MC: ki̯un ȵin 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPsoldier
    甲楯  jiǎ shǔn OC: kraab ɢljunʔ MC: kɣap ʑʷin 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NParmoured soldiers carrying shields
    徒衛  tú wèi OC: daa ɢods MC: duo̝ ɦiɛi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPguards
    執秩  zhí zhì OC: tjib rliɡ MC: tɕip ɖit 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NP{vtoN1(.adN2)}supervising officer
    軍士  jūn shì MC: kjun dzriX OC: kun dzrɯʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPpluralsoldiersDS
    戎右  róng yòu OC: njuŋ ɢʷɯʔ MC: ȵuŋ ɦɨu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPright hand military leader
    兵士  bīng shì OC: praŋ dzrɯʔ MC: pɣaŋ ɖʐɨ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPpluralarmed men> soldiers
    師徒  shī tú OC: sril daa MC: ʂi duo̝ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPmcolloquialmilitary forces of the army
    被甲之士  pī jiǎ zhī shì MC: -- kaep tsyi dzriX OC: -- kraab kljɯ dzrɯʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NP(post-N)(his) soldier wearing armour DS
    帶甲  dài jiǎ OC: taads kraab MC: tɑi kɣap 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NP{vtoN1[.adN2]}armored soldier
    適戍  shì shù MC: syek syuH OC: qljeɡ qhjos 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPborder guardsCH
    弩  nǔ OC: naaʔ MC: nuo̝ 1 Attribution

    Nǔ 弩 refers to crossbowmen.

      Syntactic words
    • nagentcrossbowman
    令君  lìng jūn OC: ɡ-reŋs klun MC: liɛŋ ki̯un 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPofficer in charge
    徒卒  tú zú OC: daa skuud MC: duo̝ tsuot 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPpluralfootsoldiers
    步  bù OC: baas MC: buo̝ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nnonreferentialfootsoldiers
    役徒  yì tú OC: ɢʷleɡ daa MC: jiɛk duo̝ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPpluralsoldiers
    卒徒  zú tú MC: tswit du OC: skuud daa 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NParmed guardCH
    保介  bǎo jiè OC: puuʔ kreeds MC: pɑu kɣɛi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NP{vtoN1(.adN2)}armed guard
    褚  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 0 Attributions

    zhě

      Syntactic words
    • nfangyan, extremely rare: southern dialect word for a soldier with unknown connotations
    騎  jì OC: ɡrals MC: giɛ 0 Attributions

    Jì 騎 refers to cavalry (Han dynasty).

      Syntactic words
    • ncavalry
    戍客  shù kè OC: qhjos khraaɡ MC: ɕi̯o khɣɛk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPpluralsoldiers (on campaign?)
    熊羆  xióng pí OC: ɢum pral MC: ɦuŋ piɛ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPnonreferentialcrack soldiers, fierce soldiers
    行子  xíng zǐ OC: ɢraaŋ sklɯʔ MC: ɦɣaŋ tsɨ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPpluralthe soldiers
    征人  zhēng rén OC: tjeŋ njin MC: tɕiɛŋ ȵin 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPpluralsoldiers on the march
    徒兵  tú bīng OC: daa praŋ MC: duo̝ pɣaŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPminfantry
    小人  xiǎo rén OC: smewʔ njin MC: siɛu ȵin 0 Attributions

    Xiǎo rén 小人 (jūn zǐ 君子"soldier of a higher grade") refers generically to the lower grades in the army.

      Syntactic words
    • ncclesser charges in the army