BLAME    責怪咎

CRITICISE someone as GUILTY of a WICKED:reprehensible MISTAKE OR a CRIME.
HOLD RESPONSIBLEHOLD ACCOUNTABLECONDEMNACCUSEFIND/CONSIDER GUILTYASSIGN FAULT/LIABILITY/GUILT TOINDICTPOINT THE FINGER ATFINGERINCRIMINATEARCHAIC INCULPATE
Old Chinese Criteria
[ARCHAIC/CURRENT] [DRAMATIC/UNDRAMATIC] [ELEVATED/FAMILIAR] [FACE-TO-FACE/NOT-FACE-TO-FACE] [GENERAL/SPECIFIC] [HIGH-DEGREE/LOW-DEGREE] [PRIVATE/PUBLIC] 1. The current general word for declaring someone morally rather than criminally responsible for a misdeed is jiù 咎 (ant. yù 譽 "praise"). [ARCHAIC?], [NOT-FACE-TO-FACE!], [PRIVATE] 2. Shǔ 數 refers to the recounting and publicly recounting and listing up of the misdeeds or mistakes someone has made. [FACE-TO-FACE], [HIGH-DEGREE] 3. Zé 責 (ant. chēng 稱 "praise someone for something") often refers to the public apportioning of blame without the threat of legal action. [see ACCUSE] [FORMAL], [FACE-TO-FACE] 4. Ràng 讓 (ant. zàn 贊 "commend strongly, in public") refers to strong public blame and abuse. [DRAMATIC], [FACE-TO-FACE], [PUBLIC], 5. Qiào 誚 refers to a strong and often abusive public reprimand. [DRAMATIC], [FACE-TO-FACE], [FAMILIAR]; [[RARE]] 5. Yóu 尤 often refers to official blame and censure, but there are archaic generalised uses of the word where it simply means "to apportion blame for something". [ARCHAIC+], [ELEVATED], [NOT-FACE-TO-FACE] 6. Jí 疾 (ant. měi 美 "praise the splendid qualities of someone") refers to strong personal stricture. [DRAMATIC], [FACE-TO-FACE], [INFORMAL] 7. Guò 過 (ant. yù 譽 ) typically refers to a mild and/or subjective moral disagreement with someone. See MISTAKE [LOW-DEGREE], [MARGINAL]
Modern Chinese Criteria
怪 is the current colloquial modern word for blaming someeone. 責怪 is the standard modern word for blaming someone. 責備 refers in a neutral way to holding someone responsible for a misdeed without necessarily distancing oneself from that person. 怪罪 focusses strongly on the guilt/crime attributed. 見罪 refers specifically to exposure to blame, in the passive mode. 見怪 refers specifically to exposure to blame, in the passive mode. 嗔怪 refers to hot-headed angry blaming. 賴 refers to blaming someone wrongly. 嗔 (cl) rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • ACCUSE　To BLAME AND INTEND the PERSON BLAMED to be JUDGED AND CONDEMNED CONFORMING:in accordance with LAW. (anc: 15/0, child: 0)
  • SCOLD　BLAME someone ADDRESSING him/her USING VIOLENT WORDS. (anc: 15/0, child: 1)
Antonym
  • PRAISESPEAK about something GOOD and NOT COMMON in ANOTHER HUMAN, ANIMAL OR THING.
  • FORGIVEPROMISE someone one ASSUMES to be GUILTY of a CRIME OR MISTAKE which OFFENDS ONE so as to SAY that one WILL NOT HATE THAT PERSON BECAUSE of that CRIME OR MISTAKE.
    See also
    • GUILTRESPONSIBILITY FOR ONE'S AVOIDABLE PAST BAD ACT. 
    • CURSESPEAK so as to TRY to CAUSE DIVINE DISASTER FOR someone.
    • COMPLAINSAY that something is NOT JUST AND BAD IN-RELATION-TO SELF:oneself OR someone CLOSE to SELF:oneself.
    • GRUMBLECOMPLAIN ADDRESSING ONESELF to ONESELF
    Hypernym
    • CRITICISE　SPEAK AND NAME SOMETHING BAD and AVOIDABLE.  (anc: 13/0, child: 6)
    • SPEAK　ACT so as to USE WORDS FOR SHOWING MEANING.*Speech by speaker X, directed towards audience Y, in order to communicate message Z. (anc: 12/0, child: 32)
    • ACT　MOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision. (anc: 11/0, child: 24)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 16.78

  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 21.32

  • De Rerum Humanarum Emendatione ( COMENIUS 1665) p. 452

    ACCUSARE aliqvem, malae rei causam illi tribuere.

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    BLAME

    reprehendere refers to blame with a view to the amendment of a fault or a warning for the future.

    vituperare "rebuke" refers to blame with the aim of calling forth acknowledgement of a fault, bett er judgment, shame and repentance.

  • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 137?

  • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 17

  • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 192

  • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

    OBJURGATIO

    REPREHENSIO

    VITUPERIUM

  • Handbuch der lateinischen und griechischen Synonymik ( SCHMIDT 1889) p. 9

  • () p. 467

  • 跟我學同義詞 ( CAI SHAOWEI 2010) p. 51

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.214.174

    CORRIGER, REPRENDRE.REPRIMANDER

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 60B

    • Words (24 items)

    咎  jiù OC: ɡlɯwʔ MC: gɨu 27 Attributions

    The current general word for declaring someone morally rather than criminally responsible for a misdeed is jiù 咎 (ant. yù 譽 "praise").

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 怪/BLAME
    • Contrast: 責/BLAME Zé 責 (ant. chēng 稱 "praise someone for something") often refers to the public apportioning of blame without the threat of legal action. [see ACCUSE]
    • Contrast: 非/CRITICISE The current general term for criticism is fēi 非 (ant. shì 是 "approve of").
    • Synon: 非/CRITICISE The current general term for criticism is fēi 非 (ant. shì 是 "approve of").

      Syntactic words
    • nabactmoral blame; recriminations
    • vadNblameworthy
    • vtoNberate, upbraid, raise serious moral criticism against, blame morally 國人皆咎公。
    • vtoNpsychblame (oneself)
    • vtoNreflexive.己blame oneselfCH
    尤  yóu OC: ɢʷɯ MC: ɦɨu 24 Attributions

    Yóu 尤 often refers to official blame and censure, but there are archaic generalised uses of the word where it simply means "to apportion blame for something".

      Word relations
    • Ant: 功/MERIT The current general word for achievements of any kind is gōng 功.
    • Oppos: 悔/REGRET The current general word for regret of one's actions is huǐ 悔, whereas the current general word for regretting past experience is hèn 恨. LH: 鳥與人異，謂之能悔。

      Syntactic words
    • nabactblame, official reproach; supernatural disapproval
    • vt+prep+Nto blame, to hold morally guilty
    • vtoNberate, to blame, to hold morally guilty See also GUILT
    罪  zuì OC: sbuulʔ MC: dzuo̝i 20 Attributions

      Syntactic words
    • nabactthe blame for things that go wrong
    • vt[oN]passivebe held resposible and charged with a crime forCH
    • vtoNdeclarativedeclare guilty
    • vtoNpsychblame (oneself) 自罪
    • vtoNpsychblame (oneself) 罪己
    • vtoNputativeregard as guilty, hold (a person) guilty
    責  zé OC: skreeɡ MC: ʈʂɣɛk 19 Attributions

    Zé 責 (ant. chēng 稱 "praise someone for something") often refers to the public apportioning of blame without the threat of legal action. [see ACCUSE]

      Word relations
    • Ant: 嘉/PRAISE Jiā 嘉 (ant. sǔn 損 "make belittling remarks about") refers to commending someone for a certain action or for past behaviour.
    • Contrast: 咎/BLAME The current general word for declaring someone morally rather than criminally responsible for a misdeed is jiù 咎 (ant. yù 譽 "praise").

      Syntactic words
    • nabpassivebeing blamed> blame, moral disapproval; negative commentsCH
    • vadNdisparaging
    • vt(oN)make complaints against a contextually determinate person
    • vt+prep+Npreposed objectblameCH
    • vtoNdeclare responsible for misdeeds (without proposing legal action); blame, reproach
    • vtoNpassivebe blamed
    • vtoNpsychblame (oneself)
    讓  ràng OC: njaŋs MC: ȵi̯ɐŋ 14 Attributions

    Ràng 讓 and qiào 誚 (ant. zàn 贊 "commend strongly, in public") refers to strong public blame and abuse, Cultural Revolution style.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 嘉/PRAISE Jiā 嘉 (ant. sǔn 損 "make belittling remarks about") refers to commending someone for a certain action or for past behaviour.

      Syntactic words
    • nabactpublic reprimand, public moral accusation; public reproof
    • vt(oN)arraign the contextually determinate N; make a public show of disapproval to N
    • vt+prep+Nblame
    • vtoNupbraid; reprove, criticise openly; reprimand publicly
    • vtt(oN1.)+prep+N2complain about the contextually determinate matter N1 to N2
    誚  qiào OC: dzewɡs MC: dziɛu
    誚譙  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 10 Attributions

    Ràng 讓 and qiào 誚 (ant. zàn 贊 "commend strongly, in public") refers to strong public blame and abuse, Cultural Revolution style.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNblame publicly, reprimand; swear at
    怨  yuàn 7 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN.)+V怨曰 : blame the contextually determinate N, sayingLZ
    • vtoNto blame N with resentmentLZ
    數  shǔ OC: sqroʔ MC: ʂi̯o 6 Attributions

    Shǔ 數 refers to the recounting and publicly listing up of the misdeeds or mistakes someone has made.

      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)actbe judgmental, be censorious (of the contextually determinate N); be bent on recounting the faults of (the contextually determinate N)
    • vtoNrecount the crimes or mistakes of; blame and attack face-to-face
    怪  guài OC: kruuds MC: kɣɛi 4 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 咎/BLAME The current general word for declaring someone morally rather than criminally responsible for a misdeed is jiù 咎 (ant. yù 譽 "praise").

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNto declare responsible for a misdeed; blame; 
    • vtt(oN1.)(+N2)omblame a contextually determinate N1 for for the contextually determinate N2
    • vttoN.+V[0]blame N for V-ing
    怨咎  yuàn jiù OC: qons ɡlɯwʔ MC: ʔi̯ɐn gɨu 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactresentful recrimination
    謫  zhé OC: krleeɡ MC: ʈɣɛk 3 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Ant: 嘉/PRAISE Jiā 嘉 (ant. sǔn 損 "make belittling remarks about") refers to commending someone for a certain action or for past behaviour.

      Syntactic words
    • nabacta reproach, censure (very often written 適)
    • vtoNupbraid, reprimand
    剋責  kè zé OC: khɯɯɡ skreeɡ MC: khək ʈʂɣɛk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNreflexive.自blame
    說  shuō OC: lʰod MC: ɕiɛt 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNblame
    誣咎  wū jiù OC: ma ɡlɯwʔ MC: mi̯o gɨu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNblame wrongly; blame fraudulently
    受罪  shòu zuì OC: djuʔ sbuulʔ MC: dʑɨu dzuo̝i 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNpassivebe blamed
    患苦  huàn kǔ MC: hwaenH khuX OC: ɢroons khaaʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNblame for troubles and hardshipCH
    悔責  huǐ zé OC: hmɯɯʔ skreeɡ MC: huo̝i ʈʂɣɛk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNreflexive.自regret and blame (oneself)> repent [PERHAPS NOT REALLY A COMPOUND TO BE ANALYSED TOGETHER!]
    訶責  hē zé OC: qhlaal skreeɡ MC: hɑ ʈʂɣɛk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNpassivebe blamed
    反  fǎn MC: pjonX OC: panʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vttoN1. N2find fault (N1) with N2LZ
    愆  qiān OC: khran MC: khiɛn 1 Attribution

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNpassivebe blamed
    諯  chuán OC: djon MC: dʑiɛn 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNto blame
    怒  nù OC: naas MC: nuo̝ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)SHI 211: be angry at a contextually determinate person and blame him for an improper act
    斥  chì OC: khljaɡ MC: tɕhiɛk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNblame rudely and publicly
    督  dū OC: k-luuɡ MC: tuok 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNblame