LAZY    懶惰惰

NATURAL TENDENCY to REFUSE to make EFFORTS.
IDLEINDOLENTSLOTHFULWORK-SHYSHIFTLESSINACTIVESLUGGISHLETHARGICREMISSNEGLIGENTSLACKLAXLACKADAISICAL
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The general word for a failure to make any kind of effort required of one is duò 惰 (ant. qín 勤 "eager to work"), and this word describes a general psychological condition of a person. 2. Dài 怠 (ant. jìng 敬 "be respectfully dedicated to one's duties") refers to a customary failure to perform one's official duties with the appropriate seriousness of effort. 3. Xiè 懈 (ant. jí 急 "be eager with respect to") refers to a an unwillingness to put in a necessary effort at a certain point of time in spite of the fact that one may not be congenitally or hopelessly prone to laziness.
Modern Chinese Criteria
懶惰 懶 懶散 懶怠 懈怠 慵懶 怠惰 窳惰 惰窳 駑散 鬆懈 好吃懶做 好逸惡勞 四體不勤 拈輕怕重 有氣無力 游手好閑 游手好閒 無所事事 悠悠忽忽 懶惰無匹 first rough draft to identify synonym group members for future analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH
Antonym
  • DILIGENTEAGER to ACHIEVE one's TASK USING APPROPRIATE EFFORT.
See also
  • TIREDDISTRESSED BECAUSE of NEAR:recent PAST INTENSIVE EFFORT.
Hypernym
  • TENDENCY　FEATURE CAUSING a HUMAN, ANIMAL OR THING to ACT in a DEFINED way IN-SO-FAR-AS it is NOT PREVENTED by MORE STRONG CAUSES than this FEATURE. (anc: 4/0, child: 6)
  • FEATURE　ABSTRACT OBJECT a THING is SAID to BE OR to HAVE. (anc: 3/0, child: 19)
  • OBJECT　[NO HYPERNYM.] WHAT one CAN NAME:refer to. (anc: 2/0, child: 6)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 4.92

  • De Rerum Humanarum Emendatione ( COMENIUS 1665) p. 452

    ACEDIA est ad Vocationis opera fastidium (ignaviae gradus summus)

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    LAZY

    ignavia refers to the love of idleness versus readiness to work hard, as a general temperament.

    inertia refers to laziness as a failure to engage in the activities naturally required of a decent person.

    segnitia refers to an easy temperament which is not inclined towards any initiative to action.

    desidia is the reprehensible tendency to refuse to do what one expects others to do for one.

    socordia is the failure to be susceptible of lively interest and the phlegmatic thoughtless neglect of duties.

    pigritia consists in a quite general antipathy to all motion of mind or body, utter slothfulness.

  • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 131

  • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 339

  • “荀子”單音節形容詞同義關係研究 ( HUANG XIAODONG 2003) p. 167

  • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

    IGNAVIA

    PIGRITIA

  • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 168

    PIGRITIA

    SEGNITIA

    INERTIA

    DESIDIA

    SOCORDIA

    IGNAVIA

    TIMIDITAS

    TARDITAS

    LENTITUDO

    LASSITUDO

    LANGUOR

    FATIGATIO

    DEFATIGATIO

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 2.926

    FAULHEIT

  • Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary ( TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996) p. 435

  • Democritus Ridens ( WEBER 1857) p. 5.332

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.316.277

    INDOLENT.NONCHALANT.PARESSEUX.NEGLIGENT

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 58B

    • Words (24 items)

    怠  dài OC: lɯɯʔ MC: dəi
    殆  dài OC: lɯɯʔ MC: dəi 24 Attributions

    Dài 怠 (ant. jìng 敬 "be respectfully dedicated to one's duties") refers to a customary failure to perform one's official duties with the appropriate seriousness of effort.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 傲 / 傲敖/ARROGANT Ào 傲 (ant. qiān 謙 "unassuming") is primarily an arrogant attitude towards others and a failure to recognise the dignity of others in action. (NB: Only in post-Buddhist times does the word come to designate justified pride.) [DISPOSITION], [GRADED], [IMPERSONAL]
    • Assoc: 懈 / 解/LAZY Xiè 懈 (ant. jí 急 "be eager with respect to") refers to a an unwillingness to put in a necessary effort at a certain point of time in spite of the fact that one may not be congenitally or hopelessly prone to laziness.

      Syntactic words
    • nabdispositionindolence
    • vadVnegligently, irresponsibly, in dereliction of duty
    • viactslacken in one's efforts; be remiss; be lazy in performance of one's duty; be listless in performance
    • vt+prep+Nbe neglectful with respect to, be lazy with respect to
    • vt+V[0]being lazy in VERBING
    • vtoNbe negligent or remiss with respect to
    • vtoNcausativecause to become remiss
    隳  huī OC: qhlol MC: hiɛ
    惰  duò OC: ɡ-lools MC: dʷɑ
    惰  duò OC: ɡ-loolʔ MC: dʷɑ 19 Attributions

    The general word for a failure to make any kind of effort required of one is duò 惰 (ant. qín 勤"eager to work"), and this word describes a general psychological condition of a person.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 善/EXCELLENT Shàn 善 (ant. zhuó 拙 "inept"), when the word does not mean moral goodness, but is close in meaning to liáng 良, refers to an acquired specific skill or propensity for certain forms of action.

      Syntactic words
    • nnonreferentialthose who are lazy
    • vadNlazy
    • vibe exhausted and therefor disinclined to work; be lazy; lack diligence; show indifference; be remiss
    • vichangebecome lazy
    • vt+prep+Nbe lazy with respect to; fail to show proper respect for; be indifferent towards
    • vt+V[0]be lazy about doing something; be exhausted and as a result negligent in the performance of one's duties
    • vtoNbe lazy about; be exhausted and as a result lazy about; be remiss in (action)
    懈  xiè OC: krees MC: kɣɛ
    解  xiè OC: ɡreeʔ MC: ɦɣɛ 10 Attributions

    Xiè 懈 (ant. jí 急 "be eager with respect to") refers to a an unwillingness to put in a necessary effort at a certain point of time in spite of the fact that one may not be congenitally or hopelessly prone to laziness.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 怠 / 殆/LAZY Dài 怠 (ant. jìng 敬 "be respectfully dedicated to one's duties") refers to a customary failure to perform one's official duties with the appropriate seriousness of effort.

      Syntactic words
    • vichangeslacken; refuse to make an effort, be remiss in; become lazy
    • vt+prep+Nbe lazy with respect to
    懈怠  xiè dài OC: krees lɯɯʔ MC: kɣɛ dəi
    解怠  xiè dài OC: ɡreeʔ lɯɯʔ MC: ɦɣɛ dəi 6 Attributions

      Syntactic words
    • NPabpsychlaziness
    • VPiacttake it easy, relax
    • VPipsychbe remiss in the fulfilment of one's duties
    偷儒  tōu rú MC: thuw nyu OC: lʰoo njo 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe indolentLZ
    怠慢  dài màn OC: lɯɯʔ mroons MC: dəi mɣan 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe very lazy, be all lazy; be negligent in his duty
    緩怠  huǎn dài OC: ɢʷaanʔ lɯɯʔ MC: ɦʷɑn dəi 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe sloathful, be lazy
    怠皇  dài huáng OC: lɯɯʔ ɡʷaaŋ MC: dəi ɦɑŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactarchaic/poetic: be lazily negligent in office
    僈  man4 MC: -- OC: -- 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vi= man4 慢: be lazy, negligent in one's dutiesLZ
    嬾惰  lǎn duò OC: b-raanʔ ɡ-loolʔ MC: lɑn dʷɑ
    懶惰  lǎn duò OC: b-raanʔ ɡ-loolʔ MC: lɑn dʷɑ 2 Attributions

      Syntactic words
    • NPabpsychlaziness
    • VPipsychbe quite lazy
    賴  lài MC: lajH OC: b-raads 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vi= 懶　lǎn be lazy; get lazy CH
    軔  rèn MC: nyinH OC: njins 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vi(= 韌) slackLZ
    後者  hòu zhě MC: huwX tsyaeX OC: ɡooʔ kljaʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPplurallaggard, sluggard, dawdler, straggler, lollerCH
    憚事  dàn shì MC: danH dzriH OC: daans dzrɯs 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPishirk workLZ
    慢墮  màn duò OC: mroons ɡ-loolʔ MC: mɣan dʷɑ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe lazy and negligent
    淫殆  yín dài OC: lɯm lɯɯʔ MC: jim dəi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabactindulent laziness
    偷  tōu MC: thuw OC: lʰoo 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vibe slack, be lazyLZ
    不怠  bù dài OC: pɯʔ lɯɯʔ MC: pi̯ut dəi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPpostadVrelentlessly, tirelessly
    墯  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 1 Attribution

    duò

      Syntactic words
    • vadNlazy
    • vtoNbe lazy about, fail to make a proper effort on
    提僈  tí man4 MC: -- -- OC: ɡ-lee -- 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe negligent in one's dutyLZ
    • VPi0there is overall slothLZ
    窳  yǔ OC: loʔ MC: ji̯o 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vadNlazy
    • vilazy, negligent
    贏  yíng MC: yeng OC: leŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vibe lazyCH
    佚  yì OC: liɡ MC: jit 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabpsychidleness
    懶  lǎn OC: b-raanʔ MC: lɑn 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt+V[0]be [too] lazy to V